Dental scales could occur in all scaled subfamilies of Entomobryidae (Collembola): new definition of Entomobryinae with description of a new genus and three new species
Feng Zhang A E , Zhixiang Pan B , Jun Wu C , Yinhuan Ding A , Daoyuan Yu D and Beixin Wang A FA Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China.
B School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China.
C Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences under Ministry of Environmental Protection, 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, People’s Republic of China.
D Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China.
E Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China.
F Corresponding author. Email: wangbeixin@njau.edu.cn and wangbeixin@gmail.com
Invertebrate Systematics 30(6) 598-615 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS16005
Submitted: 20 January 2016 Accepted: 27 April 2016 Published: 13 December 2016
Abstract
Body scales are fundamental in the classification of Entomobryidae at all taxonomical levels. Traditionally, scales on dens were considered to be absent in Entomobryinae, but present in other scaled subfamilies; however, this opinion was strongly challenged by recent morphological advances in tergal specialised chaetae (S-chaetae). A new genus, Lepidodens, is strikingly similar to the scaled Entomobryinae genus Willowsia in having pointed scales with relatively long ribs and 2, 2|1, 2, 2, 8, 3 tergal S-chaetae, but differs from it in having dental scales and a unique position of S-microchaetae on the first abdominal segment. Multilocus phylogeny and topology tests also support this view, the new genus clustering with Entomobryinae rather than Seirinae. Three new species, L. nigrofasciatus, L. similis and L. hainanicus, are described from South China. This study clearly undermines the traditional separation of Entomobryinae and Seirinae/Lepidocyrtinae, and demonstrates that dental scales could occur in all entomobryid subfamilies containing scaled taxa. In this new phylogenetic hypothesis, Entomobryinae has the greatest diversity in scale morphology and distribution among scaled collembolan groups, indicating multiple independent origins of scales.
Additional keywords: Lepidodens, gen. nov., molecular phylogeny, Seirinae, South China, Willowsiini.
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