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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 25(4)

Spanish translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Box and Block Test: a pilot study in adults with chronic acquired brain injury

María-Paula Noce A B , Desirée Valera-Gran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-127X A B C * , Miriam Hurtado-Pomares A B C , Encarni Serrano-Reina A B D , Carlos Soler-Pons E and Eva-María Navarrete-Muñoz A B C F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.

B Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.

C Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante), Alicante, Spain.

D Unidad Funcional de la Mano, Alicante, Spain.

E Unidad de Daño Cerebral, Centro Sociosanitario Hermanas Hospitalarias Valencia, Valencia, Spain.

F Joint research unit UMH-Fisabio (STATSALUT), Alicante, Spain.

* Correspondence to: dvalera@umh.es

Handling Editor: Julia Schmidt

Brain Impairment 25, IB24014 https://doi.org/10.1071/IB24014
Submitted: 14 February 2024  Accepted: 3 September 2024  Published: 24 September 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment.

Abstract

Background

The Box and Block Test (BBT) is a highly recommended outcome measure to assess unilateral gross motor activity of the upper limbs. The BBT has not previously been available in a version adapted to the Spanish context. Thus, this study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and translate the BBT’s instructions and pilot test the Spanish version of BBT in adults with acquired brain injury (ABI).

Methods

The BBT was translated and cross-culturally adapted following standard procedures. An expert committee approved the final Spanish version of BBT and it was conceptually validated by four therapists with expertise in ABI. The tool was tested on 14 adults with ABI.

Results

The Spanish version of BBT included a new section of materials for the test and a record to count the number of blocks transferred from one compartment of the box to the other. Following the pilot study, a modification in terminology was implemented for referring to the dominant and non-dominant hands.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the Spanish version of BBT is suitable for assessing manual dexterity in Spanish-speaking adults with ABI.

Keywords: acquired brain injury, Box and Block Test, cross-cultural adaptation, manual dexterity, motor deficits, pilot test, rehabilitation, upper limb outcome measure.

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