Nitric oxide overcomes copper and copper oxide nanoparticle-induced toxicity in Sorghum vulgare seedlings through regulation of ROS and proline metabolism
Swati Singh A , Nidhi Kandhol B , Sangeeta Pandey
C , Vijay Pratap Singh D * , Durgesh Kumar Tripathi B * and Devendra Kumar Chauhan A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Lab, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India.
B Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture (AIOA) Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India.
C Plant and Microbe Interaction Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture (AIOA) Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India.
D Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree Collage, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India.
Handling Editor: Suleyman Allakhverdiev
Functional Plant Biology - https://doi.org/10.1071/FP22021
Submitted: 9 February 2022 Accepted: 28 July 2022 Published online: 11 October 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the phytotoxic effect of copper (Cu) and copper nanoparticles (CuONPs) and ameliorative potential of nitric oxide (NO) against these toxic materials in Sorghum vulgare Pers. seedlings. Data suggested that exposure of Cu and CuONPs significantly reduced growth, chlorophyll, carotenoids and protein in root and shoot, which coincided with increased Cu accumulation. However, addition of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a donor of NO) lowered Cu and CuONPs mediated toxicity through restricting Cu accumulation and improving photosynthetic pigments and total soluble protein contents. Data further suggested that exposure of Cu and CuONPs significantly increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radicals (O2•−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Enhanced level of oxidative stress severely inhibited the enzymatic activities of glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) but enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. However, addition of SNP positively regulated antioxidants enzymes activity, particularly the enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle to overcome Cu- and CuONPs-induced stress in Sorghum seedlings. Further, Cu and CuONPs enhanced accumulation of free proline through inducing Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) activity while lowering the proline dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. However, addition of SNP reversed these responses. Therefore, overall results revealed that SNP has enough potential of reducing the toxicity of Cu and CuONPs in Sorghum seedlings through regulation of proline metabolism and activity of enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. These findings can be employed in developing new resistant varieties of Sorghum having enhanced tolerance against Cu or CuONP stress and improved productivity.
Keywords: CuONPs, enzymes, nitric oxide, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, proline metabolism, sodium nitroprusside, sorghum.
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