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Plant function and evolutionary biology
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Phylogenetic, structural, functional characterisation and effect of exogenous spermidine on rice (Oryza sativa) HAK transporters under salt stress

Jayita Saha https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9159-7954 A B * , Dwaipayan Chaudhuri B , Anirban Kundu C , Saswati Bhattacharya D , Sudipta Roy E and Kalyan Giri https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5681-2612 B *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Botany, Rabindra Mahavidyalaya, Champadanga, Hooghly, West Bengal, India.

B Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India.

C Plant Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, P.G. Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College (Autonomous), Rahara, Kolkata 700118, West Bengal, India.

D Department of Botany, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Government College, New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

E Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.


Handling Editor: Suleyman Allakhverdiev

Functional Plant Biology - https://doi.org/10.1071/FP22059
Submitted: 31 March 2022  Accepted: 26 July 2022   Published online: 29 August 2022

© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

The HAK (High-affinity K+) family members mediate K+ transport that confers normal plant growth and resistance against unfavourable environmental conditions. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) HAK transporters have been extensively investigated for phylogenetic analyses with other plants species with very few of them functionally characterised. But very little information is known about their evolutionary aspects, overall structural, functional characterisation, and global expression pattern of the complete HAK family members in response to salt stress. In this study, 27 rice transporters were phylogenetically clustered with different dicot and monocot family members. Subsequently, the exon–intron structural patterns, conserved motif analyses, evolutionary divergence based different substitution matrix, orthologous-paralogous relationships were studied elaborately. Structural characterisations included a comparative study of secondary and tertiary structure, post-translational modifications, correspondence analyses, normal mode analyses, K+/Na+ binding affinities of each of the OsHAK gene members. Global expression profile under salt stress showed clade-specific expression pattern of the proteins. Additionally, five OsHAK genes were chosen for further expression analyses in root and shoot tissues of two rice varieties during short-term salinity in the presence and absence of exogenous spermidine. All the information can be used as first-hand data for dissecting the administrative role of rice HAK transporters under various abiotic stresses.

Keywords: HAK transporters, Indica rice, MEGA, normal mode analyses, phylogenetic tree, real-time PCR, salt stress, spermidine, synteny analyses.


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