Component traits of plant water use are modulated by vapour pressure deficit in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.)
Jana Kholová A B , Paul Zindy A , Srikanth Malayee A , Rekha Baddam A , Tharanya Murugesan A , Sivasakthi Kaliamoorthy A , C. Tom Hash A , Olga Votrubová B , Aleš Soukup B , Marie Kočová C , Mareme Niang D and Vincent Vadez A E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Crop Physiology Laboratory, Patancheru 502 324, Telangana, India.
B Charles University in Prague, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic.
C Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic.
D Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, BP 3320 Thiès-Escale, Sénégal.
E Corresponding author. Email: v.vadez@cgiar.org
Functional Plant Biology 43(5) 423-437 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP15115
Submitted: 1 May 2015 Accepted: 14 January 2016 Published: 7 March 2016
Abstract
Traits influencing plant water use eventually define the fitness of genotypes for specific rainfall environments. We assessed the response of several water use traits to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) genotypes known to differ in drought adaptation mechanisms: PRLT 2/89–33 (terminal drought-adapted parent), H 77/833–2 (terminal drought-sensitive parent) and four near-isogenic lines introgressed with a terminal drought tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL) from PRLT 2/89–33 (ICMR01029, ICMR01031, ICMR02042, and ICMR02044). Plant water use traits at various levels of plant organisation were evaluated in seven experiments in plants exposed either transiently or over the long term to different VPD regimes: biomass components, transpiration (water usage per time unit) and transpiration rate (TR) upon transient VPD increase (g H2O cm–2 h–1)), transpiration efficiency (g dry biomass per kg H2O transpired), leaf expansion rate (cm per thermal time unit) and root anatomy (endodermis dimensions)). High VPD decreased biomass accumulation by reducing tillering, the leaf expansion rate and the duration of leaf expansion; decreased root endodermis cell size; and increased TR and the rate of TR increase upon gradual short-term VPD increases. Such changes may allow plants to increase their water transport capacity in a high VPD environment and are genotype-specific. Some variation in water use components was associated with terminal drought adaptation QTL. Knowledge of water use traits’ plasticity in growth environments that varied in evaporative demand, and on their genetic determinacy, is necessary to develop trait-based breeding approaches to complex constraints.
Additional keywords: canopy development, endodermis, terminal drought adaptation, transpiration rate.
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