Rising temperature may negate the stimulatory effect of rising CO2 on growth and physiology of Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis)
James D. Lewis A B , Nathan G. Phillips A C , Barry A. Logan A D , Renee A. Smith A , Iker Aranjuelo E , Steve Clarke F , Catherine A. Offord G , Allison Frith G H , Margaret Barbour H , Travis Huxman I and David T. Tissue A J
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia.
B Fordham University, Louis Calder Center – Biological Field Station, Center for Urban Ecology and Department of Biological Sciences, Armonk, NY 10504, USA.
C Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
D Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA.
E Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
F University of Western Sydney, Capital Works and Facilities, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia.
G The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, The Australian PlantBank, The Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan, NSW 2567, Australia.
H Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
I Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
J Corresponding author. Email: d.tissue@uws.edu.au
Functional Plant Biology 42(9) 836-850 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP14256
Submitted: 18 September 2014 Accepted: 4 May 2015 Published: 24 June 2015
Abstract
Rising atmospheric [CO2] is associated with increased air temperature, and this warming may drive many rare plant species to extinction. However, to date, studies on the interactive effects of rising [CO2] and warming have focussed on just a few widely distributed plant species. Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis W.G.Jones, K.D.Hill, & J.M.Allen), formerly widespread in Australia, was reduced to a remnant population of fewer than 100 genetically indistinguishable individuals. Here, we examined the interactive effects of three [CO2] (290, 400 and 650 ppm) and two temperature (ambient, ambient + 4°C) treatments on clonally-propagated Wollemi pine grown for 17 months in glasshouses under well-watered and fertilised conditions. In general, the effects of rising [CO2] and temperature on growth and physiology were not interactive. Rising [CO2] increased shoot growth, light-saturated net photosynthetic rates (Asat) and net carbon gain. Higher net carbon gain was due to increased maximum apparent quantum yield and reduced non-photorespiratory respiration in the light, which also reduced the light compensation point. In contrast, increasing temperature reduced stem growth and Asat. Compensatory changes in mesophyll conductance and stomatal regulation suggest a narrow functional range of optimal water and CO2 flux co-regulation. These results suggest Asat and growth of the surviving genotype of Wollemi pine may continue to increase with rising [CO2], but increasing temperatures may offset these effects, and challenges to physiological and morphological controls over water and carbon trade-offs may push the remnant wild population of Wollemi pine towards extinction.
Additional keywords: elevated [CO2], growth, photosynthesis, photosynthetic capacity, photosynthetic light response, pre-industrial [CO2], stomatal conductance.
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