Novel pattern of foliar metal distribution in a manganese hyperaccumulator
Denise R. Fernando A E , Alan T. Marshall B , Barbara Gouget C , Marie Carrière C , Richard N. Collins D , Ian E. Woodrow A and Alan J. Baker AA School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia.
B Analytical Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic. 3086, Australia.
C Laboratoire Pierre Süe, CEA-CNRS, CEA/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
D Center for Water and Waste Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: d.fernando3@pgrad.unimelb.edu.au
Functional Plant Biology 35(3) 193-200 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP07272
Submitted: 19 November 2007 Accepted: 20 February 2008 Published: 23 April 2008
Abstract
The primary sequestration of foliar manganese (Mn) in Mn-hyperaccumulating plants can occur in either their photosynthetic or non-photosynthetic tissues, depending on the species. To date, only non-photosynthetic tissues have been found to be the major sinks in other hyperaccumulators. Here, electron (SEM) and proton (PIXE) microprobes were used to generate qualitative energy dispersive (EDS) X-ray maps of leaf cross sections. Two Mn hyperaccumulators, Garcinia amplexicaulis Vieill. (Clusiaceae) and Maytenus fournieri (Panch. and Sebert) Loesn. (Celastraceae), and the Mn accumulator Grevillea exul Lindley (Proteaceae) were studied. PIXE/EDS data obtained here for M. fournieri were in agreement with existing SEM/EDS data showing that the highest localised foliar Mn concentrations were in the epidermal tissues. However, this is the first in situ microprobe investigation of G. amplexicaulis and G. exul. The Mn X-ray maps of G. amplexicaulis revealed a previously undescribed third spatial distribution pattern among Mn-hyperaccumulating species. Manganese was relatively evenly distributed throughout the leaf photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues, while in G. exul it was most highly concentrated in the epidermal cells.
Additional keywords: Garcinia amplexicaulis, Grevillea exul, localisation studies, Mn sequestration, PIXE/EDS, SEM/EDS.
Acknowledgements
The authors are extremely grateful to Vincent Dumontet and Alexandre Lagrange (IRD, Nouméa) for their help with identification of plants in the field, and to the late Nicolas Perrier (IRD, Nouméa) for his invaluable assistance in organising field collections. The use of the nuclear microprobe facility at the Laboratoire Pierre Süe, Commisariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Saclay, France, and the help of Dr Hicham Khodja (CEA) are gratefully acknowledged.
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