Effects of contrasting shade treatments on the carbon production and antioxidant activities of soybean plants
Muhammad Ali Raza A , Ling Yang Feng A , Nasir Iqbal A , Imran Khan B , Tehseen Ahmad Meraj A , Zeng Jin Xi A , Muhammd Naeem A , Saeed Ahmed C , Muhammad Tayyab Sattar A D , Yuan Kai Chen A , Chen Hui Huan A , Mukhtar Ahmed E F , Feng Yang A G and Wenyu Yang A G
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
B Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
C College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, PR China.
D Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
E Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
F Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umea, Sweden.
G Correspondending authors. Email: f.yang@sicau.edu.cn; mssiyangwy@sicau.edu.cn
Functional Plant Biology 47(4) 342-354 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP19213
Submitted: 2 August 2019 Accepted: 24 November 2019 Published: 11 February 2020
Abstract
In China, maize-soybean relay-intercropping system follow the two main planting-patterns: (i) traditional relay-intercropping; maize-soybean equal row planting, where soybean experience severe maize shading on both sides of plants, and (ii) modern relay-intercropping; narrow-wide row planting, in this new planting pattern only one side of soybean leaves suffer from maize shading. Therefore, in this study, changes in morphological traits, cytochrome content, photosynthetic characteristics, carbon status, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were investigated at 30 days after treatment (DAT) in shade-tolerant soybean variety Nandou-12 subjected to three different types of shading conditions; normal light (NL, all trifoliate-leaves of soybean plants were under normal light); unilateral shade (US, all right-side trifoliate-leaves of soybean plants from top to bottom were under shade while all the left-side of trifoliate-leaves from top to bottom were in normal light); bilateral shade (BS, all trifoliate-leaves of soybean plants were under complete shade). Compared with BS, US conditions decreased plant height and increased stem diameter, leaf area, and biomass at 30 DAT. Biomass distribution rates to stem, petiole and leaves, and photosynthetic characteristics were markedly improved by the US at all sampling stages, which proved to be a better growing condition than BS with respect to shade tolerance. The enhanced net photosynthesis and transpiration rates in the left-side leaves (LS) of soybean plants in US, when compared with the LS in BS, allowed them to produce higher total soluble sugar (by 70%) and total soluble protein (by 17%) at 30 DAT which reduce the adverse effects of shading at right-side leaves (RS) of the soybean plants. Similarly, soybean leaves under US accumulated higher proline content in US than the leaves of BS plants. Soybean leaves grown in shading conditions (LS and RS of BS and RS of US) developed antioxidative defence-mechanisms, including the accelerated activities of SOD, POD, APX, and CAT. Comparatively, soybean leaves in US displayed lower activity levels of the antioxidative enzymes than the leaves of BS plants, showing that soybean plants experienced less shade stress in US as compared with BS treatment. Overall, these results indicate that the association of improved photosynthetic characteristics, sugar and protein accumulation and optimum antioxidative defences could be an effective approach for growing soybean in intercropping environments.
Additional keywords: antioxidants, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, protein content.
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