Antioxidant profiling of Hippophae salicifolia growing in sacred forests of Sikkim, India
Arvind K. Goyal A , Bharat C. Basistha A B , Arnab Sen A D and Sushil K. Middha CA Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, India.
B Sikkim State Council of Science and Technology, Gangtok, Sikkim, India.
C Department of Biotechnology, MLA College for Women, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
D Corresponding author. Email: senarnab_nbu@hotmail.com
This paper originates from a presentation at the 16th International Meeting on Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants, Oporto, Portugal, 5–8 September 2010.
Functional Plant Biology 38(9) 697-701 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP11016
Submitted: 15 January 2011 Accepted: 21 June 2011 Published: 16 August 2011
Abstract
Hippophae commonly known as sea-buckthorn, is a versatile plant with multipurpose uses including the control of soil erosion, biological nitrogen fixation and medicinal properties. In India, two species of sea-buckthorn; namely, Hippophae salicifolia D. Don and Hippophae rhamnoides L., are very common. H. salicifolia has a shrub-to-tree habit and is restricted to the Himalayan region, whereas H. rhamnoides is bushy, growing at higher altitude in India, and widely distributed in Europe and Asia. In this study, aqueous, methanol and acetone extracts of various parts of female and male plants of H. salicifolia were evaluated for total antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents, and correlations were made. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in all the samples ranged from 99 ± 32 to 1459 ± 53 mg gallic acid equivalent g–1, 135 ± 12 to 707 ± 62 mg quercetin equivalent g–1 of dry extract, respectively. The highest free radical (DPPH) scavenging activity was found in methanol extracts of female bark and male leaf. Methanol extracts of male bark and male leaf showed maximum H2O2 activity at a concentration of 1 mg mL–1. Antioxidant activity (FRAP method) ranged from 0.021 to 1.041 at concentrations ranging from 20 to 200 µg mL–1 with a reducing capacity of extracts as water > methanol > acetone. Strong correlation (P < 0.05) was observed between DPPH scavenging activity and total phenolic content from all the extracts under study.
Additional keywords: antioxidants, DPPH, flavonoids, FRP, Lachen, phenols.
References
Akinpelu DA, Aiyegoro OA, Okoh AI (2010) The in vitro antioxidant property of methanolic extract of Afzelia africana (Smith.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4, 2021–2027.Anyasor GN, Ogunwenmo KO, Oyelana OA, Akpofunure BE (2010) Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanol stem extracts of Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae). African Journal of Biotechnology 9, 4880–4884.
Ara N, Nur H (2009) In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic leaves and flowers extracts of Lippia alba. Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 4, 107–110.
Basistha BC, Sharma NP, Lepcha L, Arrawatia A, Sen A (2010) Ecology of Hippophae salicifolia D. Don of temperate and subalpine forests of North Sikkim Himalayas – a case study. Symbiosis 50, 87–95.
| Ecology of Hippophae salicifolia D. Don of temperate and subalpine forests of North Sikkim Himalayas – a case study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Beveridge T, Li TS, Oomah BD, Smith A (1999) Sea-buckthorn products: manufacture and composition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, 3480–3488.
| Sea-buckthorn products: manufacture and composition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXltlyqurw%3D&md5=f09d15fda3533dd7d741a846ee49e292CAS |
Cheung LM, Cheung PCK, Ooi VEC (2003) Antioxidant activity and total phenolics of edible mushroom extracts. Food Chemistry 81, 249–255.
| Antioxidant activity and total phenolics of edible mushroom extracts.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXis1Cku7c%3D&md5=502213915b590cf555ed0b96e32205d3CAS |
Eccleston C, Baoru Y, Tahvonen R, Kallio H, Rimbach GH, Minihane AM (2002) Effects of an antioxidant-rich juice (sea-buckthorn) on risk factors for coronary heart disease in humans. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13, 346–354.
| Effects of an antioxidant-rich juice (sea-buckthorn) on risk factors for coronary heart disease in humans.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XkslKitb4%3D&md5=9415631c43ca241d50548f08330ef43aCAS |
Ferguson LR (2001) Role of plant poyphenols in genomic stability. Mutation Research 475, 89–111.
| Role of plant poyphenols in genomic stability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitl2hsbo%3D&md5=fe8e2dea07539bbaf4421685b0750db4CAS |
Geetha S, Sairam M, Mongia SS, Singh V, Ilavazhagan G, Sawhney RC (2003) Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leaf extract of sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) on chromium(VI) induced oxidative stress in albino rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 87, 247–251.
| Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leaf extract of sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) on chromium(VI) induced oxidative stress in albino rats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3szjtV2ruw%3D%3D&md5=a65928827f1cb5ac6fe207ef37d4ccdcCAS |
Goyal AK, Middha SK, Sen A (2010) Evaluation of the DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenols and antioxidant activities in Indian wild Bambusa vulgaris ‘Vittata’ methanolic leaf extract. Journal of Natural Pharmaceuticals 1, 40–45.
| Evaluation of the DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenols and antioxidant activities in Indian wild Bambusa vulgaris ‘Vittata’ methanolic leaf extract.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Haraguchi H, Hashimoto K, Yagi A (1992) Antioxidative substances in leaves of Polygonum hydropiper. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40, 1349–1351.
| Antioxidative substances in leaves of Polygonum hydropiper.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XkvVyqu7Y%3D&md5=cbde22f1be1b354d9a2add144c09a3cfCAS |
Hasan MS, Ahmed MI, Mondal S, Uddin SJ, Masud MM, Sadhu SK, Ishibashi M (2006) Antioxidant, antinociceptive activity and general toxicity study of Dendrophthoe falcata and isolation of quercitrin as the major component. International Journal Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine 6, 355–360.
| Antioxidant, antinociceptive activity and general toxicity study of Dendrophthoe falcata and isolation of quercitrin as the major component.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jeppsson N, Bartish IV, Persson HA (1999) DNA analysis as a tool in sea-buckthorn breeding. In ‘Perspective on new crops and new uses’. (Ed. J Janick) pp. 338–341. (ASHS: Alexandria, VA, USA)
Kim SJ, Kim DW (2007) Antioxidative activity of hot water and ethanol extracts of Lespedezea cuneata seeds. Korean Journal of Food Preservation 14, 332–335.
Kostic DA, Mitic SS, Mitic MN, Zarubica AR, Velickovic JM, Dordevic AS, Randelovic SS (2010) Phenolic contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Papaver rhoeas L. extracts from southeast Serbia. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4, 1727–1732.
Li H, Wang Z, Liu Y (2003) Review in the studies on tannins activity of cancer prevention and anticancer. Zhong Yao Cai 26, 444–448.
Middha SK, Bhattacharjee B, Saini D, Baliga MS, Nagaveni MB, Usha T (2011) Protective role of Trigonella foenum graceum extract against oxidative stress in hyperglycemic rats. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 15, 427–435.
Negi PS, Chauhan AS, Sadia GA, Rohinishree YS, Ramteke RS (2005) Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of various sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed extracts. Food Chemistry 92, 119–124.
| Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of various sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed extracts.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhsVGnu7o%3D&md5=31eb020aaa85c63030ce141d152635d0CAS |
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on products of browning reaction prepared from glucoseamine. Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44, 307–314.
Padwad Y, Ganju L, Jain M, Chanda S, Karan D, Banerjee PK, Sawhney RC (2006) Effect of leaf extract of sea-buckthorn on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages. International Immunopharmacology 6, 46–52.
| Effect of leaf extract of sea-buckthorn on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht12qtLnP&md5=0defe5033053955f5ef71dc2c6da18bfCAS |
Rongsen L (1992) Sea-buckthorn a multipurpose plant species for fragile mountain. ICIMOD Occasional paper no. 20. ICIMOD, Katmandu, Nepal.
Rousi A (1971) The genus Hippophae L. A taxonomic study. Annales Botanici Fennici 8, 177–227.
Ruch RJ, Cheng SJ, Klaunig JE (1989) Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intracellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from chinese green tea. Carcinogenesis 10, 1003–1008.
| Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intracellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from chinese green tea.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXksFaht78%3D&md5=b6741effced1aaffe78f41185a94c814CAS |
Singh V (1998) Sea-buckthorn a wonder plant of dry temperate Himalayas. Indian Journal of Horticulture 43, 6–8.
Singleton VL, Rossi JA (1965) Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 16, 144–158.
Yang B, Kallio HP (2001) Fatty acid composition of lipids in sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries of different origins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49, 1939–1947.
| Fatty acid composition of lipids in sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries of different origins.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhs1ymsrY%3D&md5=c4c6e96974c30b1163345b6c9af17d1fCAS |
