Effectors of plant parasitic nematodes that re-program root cell development
Samira Hassan A B , Carolyn A. Behm A and Ulrike Mathesius B CA Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, Building 41A, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
B Division of Plant Science and ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Research School of Biology, Building 41A, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: ulrike.mathesius@anu.edu.au
Functional Plant Biology 37(10) 933-942 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP10112
Submitted: 13 May 2010 Accepted: 19 July 2010 Published: 23 September 2010
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes infect the roots of a wide range of host plants. Migratory endo- or ectoparasites feed off the roots temporarily, but sedentary endoparasites are biotrophic parasites that invade roots and establish a permanent feeding site by re-directing root cell development. Feeding sites develop after injection of nematode effectors into plant cells through a stylet. In this review, we concentrate on several recently-identified effectors and discuss their possible functions in re-directing root cell development. We give examples of effectors that regulate host gene expression, interact with specific host proteins or mimic plant signalling molecules.
Additional keywords: auxin, cell cycle, CLE peptide, cyst, cyst nematode, nematode, root-gall, root-knot.
Acknowledgements
We apologise to authors whose work we could not cite here due to space limitations. Work in our laboratories was funded by the Grains Research and Development Corporation (ANU00006), the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research (CE0348212) and an Australian Research Fellowship to UM (DP0557692).
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