Excitation pressure as a measure of the sensitivity of photosystem II to photoinactivation
Dmytro Kornyeyev A B , Barry A. Logan C E and A. Scott Holaday DA Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Vasylkivska St. 31/17, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine.
B University of California at Merced, School of Engineering, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
C Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA.
D Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
E Corresponding author. Email: blogan@bowdoin.edu
Functional Plant Biology 37(10) 943-951 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP09276
Submitted: 10 December 2009 Accepted: 3 June 2010 Published: 23 September 2010
Abstract
The appearance of a new hypothesis implicating the oxygen-evolving complex as the dominant target of PSII photoinactivation (the ‘manganese cluster’ mechanism) suggests that the inactivation of PSII can be predicted on the basis of the total amount of incident photons, and challenges the role that electron transport and thermal dissipation of excitation energy play in mitigating PSII photoinactivation. This viewpoint article discusses evidence showing that minimising of the amount of energy reaching closed PSII reaction centres (i.e. the excitation pressure) is important for photoprotection. Examples are described where the parameters derived from excitation pressure correlate with the level of PSII photoinactivation, whereas the counting of incident photons does not. These examples confirm the role of electron transport and thermal energy dissipation as factors modulating PSII photoinactivation, and validate strategies that are aimed at understanding and improving PSII resistance to photoinactivation by analysis and manipulation of photoprotective processes. The authors conclude that an integrated model that incorporates various mechanisms of PSII photoinactivation and analysis of their contribution is needed. In addition, the role of UV light in naturally occurring PSII photoinactivation is evaluated. It is suggested that, when compared with visible light, the damaging effect of UV light may be limited under field conditions.
Additional keywords: photoprotection, thermal dissipation, ultraviolet light.
Acknowledgements
Seeds of npq-4 mutants were generously provided by Krishna K. Niyogi (University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA). Work by the authors was supported by grant number 99–35100–7630 from the US Department of Agriculture, National Research Initiative, Competitive Grants Program.
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