Aerenchyma formation: programmed cell death in adventitious roots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) under waterlogging
Zhen Jiang A B , Xue-Fang Song A B , Zhu-Qing Zhou A C , Li-Kai Wang A , Ji-Wei Li A , Xiang-Yi Deng A and Hai-Yan Fan AA Laboratory of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
B These authors contributed equally to this work.
C Corresponding author. Email: zhouzhuqing@mail.hzau.edu.cn
Functional Plant Biology 37(8) 748-755 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP09252
Submitted: 16 October 2009 Accepted: 29 March 2010 Published: 26 July 2010
Abstract
This study determined the characteristics of cortical cell death in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots during programmed cell death (PCD) and the relationship between PCD and acid phosphatases. An examination of morphological development by light microscrope revealed that aerenchyma formed in roots waterlogged for 24 h and well developed aerenchyma formed in roots waterlogged for 120 h. The first detectable events were observed by electron microscopy and included plasma membrane invagination and the appearance of vesicles between the plasma membrane and the cell wall. Later, chromatin condensation and double-membrane-bound structures resembling autophagosomes were observed. The activity of acid phosphatases gradually increased during waterlogging and was present during the entire process of cell death. These observations suggest that cortical cell death during aerenchyma formation induced by waterlogging was a form of PCD. Acid phosphatases play an important role in PCD induced by waterlogging, being responsible for the hydrolysis of cell components at the later stages of PCD.
Additional keywords: acid phosphatases, adventitious roots, booting stage, PCD, TUNEL, ultrastructure.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Foundation of China (Grant Nos 30571101). We thank JB Cao, GJ Shen, LJ Chai for technical assistance.
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