Glutathione S-transferase and aluminum toxicity in maize
Geraldo M. A. Cançado A B , Vicente E. De RosaA Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
B Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
C Centro de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
D Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
E Corresponding author. Email: menossi@unicamp.br
Functional Plant Biology 32(11) 1045-1055 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP05158
Submitted: 28 June 2005 Accepted: 29 July 2005 Published: 28 October 2005
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity induces changes in the expression of several genes, some of which are involved in plant responses to oxidative stress. Using mRNA differential display, we identified a maize Al-inducible cDNA encoding a glutathione S-transferase (GST). The gene was named GST27.2 owing to its homology to the maize gene GST27, which is known to be induced by xenobiotics. GST27.2 is present in the maize genome as a single copy and analysis of its expression pattern revealed that the gene is expressed mainly in the root tip. Expression was up-regulated in response to various Al and Cd concentrations in both Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive maize lines. Consistent with its role in plants, phylogenetic analysis of theta-type GSTs revealed that GST27.2 belongs to a group of proteins that respond to different stresses. Finally, structural analysis of the polypeptide chain indicates that the two amino acids that differ between GST27.2 and GST27 (E102K and P123L) could be responsible for alterations in activity and / or specificity. Together, these results suggest that GST27.2 may play an important part in plant defenses against Al toxicity.
Keywords: Al tolerance, Al toxicity, GST27.2, oxidative stress, Zea mays.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, grants 04 / 05131-7 and 03 / 09536-9), European Commission (project INCO II RDT ICA4-CT-2000-30017), and PADCT / CNPq (project 62.0472 / 98.7). MM received a research fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). GMAC received a fellowship from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). VERJ, JHF and LGM were recipients of fellowships from FAPESP.
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