Planteose is a short-term storage carbohydrate in Actinidia leaves
Karin U. Klages A , Helen L. Boldingh A C , Janine M. Cooney A and Elspeth A. MacRae BA HortResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand
B HortResearch Mt Albert, Private Bag 92 169, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand.
C Corresponding author. Email: hboldingh@hortresearch.co.nz
Functional Plant Biology 31(12) 1205-1214 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP04126
Submitted: 14 July 2004 Accepted: 26 October 2004 Published: 8 December 2004
Abstract
The polyol myo-inositol constitutes 10–20% of soluble carbohydrates in mature leaves of Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ and A. arguta (Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. var. arguta. In contrast with other non-structural carbohydrates, myo-inositol concentrations in A. deliciosa leaves increase only slightly during development from sink to source, and are not affected in source leaves by increased sink demand upon fruit set. In mature fruit-bearing leaves myo-inositol concentrations fluctuate diurnally, increasing during the night and declining towards morning, but in plants with less sink demand a diurnal pattern is not observed. In potted A. arguta seedlings subjected to extended dark periods, leaf concentrations of sugars and starch decline rapidly while myo-inositol concentrations are maintained. Labelling studies with 14CO2 revealed that myo-inositol in leaves is not a primary photosynthetic product and is turned over more slowly than other soluble carbohydrates. A suggested role of myo-inositol as a precursor in mucilage synthesis was not substantiated, as radioactivity was incorporated into mucilage more rapidly than into free myo-inositol. Planteose, a trisaccharide comprising sucrose and galactose, incorporated substantial amounts of radioactivity and accumulated to high levels, indicating a role in short-term storage of sucrose. Planteose was synthesised during the day and degraded during the night in a manner that was opposite to that of sucrose while starch and myo-inositol levels remained relatively constant. Planteose has been reported in Cyclamen persicum, ash and sesame seed. This is the first report of planteose in Actinidia, and the first time it has been identified as a major short-term storage carbohydrate in Actinidia leaves.
Keywords: Actinidia, carbohydrate, diurnal, myo-inositol, planteose, seasonal.
Acknowledgments
We thank Katrina Ford, Helen Donnison and Marty Faville for their help in analysis of carbohydrates in samples collected diurnally from A. deliciosa and A. arguta and Rod Bieleski for helpful discussions. Alistair Wilkins and Merilyn Manley-Harris for valuable NMR discussions. The work was funded by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (CO6504, CO6804, CO6X0213).
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