Revisions to the Australian tropical cyclone best track database
Joseph B. Courtney
A C , Gary R. Foley B , Johannes L. van Burgel B , Blair Trewin A , Andrew D. Burton A , Jeffrey Callaghan B and Noel E. Davidson B
A Bureau of Meteorology, Australia.
B Formerly of Bureau of Meteorology.
C Corresponding author. Email: joe.courtney@bom.gov.au
Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 71(2) 203-227 https://doi.org/10.1071/ES21011
Submitted: 19 May 2021 Accepted: 24 August 2021 Published: 30 September 2021
Journal Compilation © BoM 2021 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
The Australian tropical cyclone (TC) best track database (BT) maintained by the Bureau of Meteorology has records since 1909 of varying quality and completeness. Since 2005 a series of efforts to improve the database have included: removing internal inconsistencies, adding fixes, and identifying errors using comparisons with other datasets; upgrading intensity information since 1973 including adding maximum winds (Vm) prior to 1984–85, rederiving Dvorak Current Intensity numbers from archived material and accounting for different wind–pressure relationships used; a partial reanalysis of satellite imagery including microwave imagery using the HURSAT dataset since 1987; and considering an objective intensity dataset. The BT homogeneity is reviewed in the context of improvements in satellite technology, observational coverage, scientific developments, BT procedures and the subjective variation between analysts across time and offices. The scale of these variances is greatest in the early stages prior to 1981 in the absence of geostationary satellite imagery until 1978, satellite calibration issues from 1978–80 and prior to the introduction of the enhanced infra-red Dvorak technique in 1981. The current era since 2003 is considered to be the most accurate, comprehensive and homogeneous corresponding to the expansion of the TC database to include the current suite of fields; the application of microwave and scatterometry imagery; greater standardisation of BT practices and slight changes in the application of the Dvorak technique. These improvements have generated a more consistent dataset that could be used for weather and climate research and other TC-related work.
Keywords: tropical cyclone, best track database, historical reanalysis, Dvorak technique, satellite analysis, wind-pressure relationships
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