CO2-EOR+ in Australia: achieving low-emissions oil and unlocking residual oil resources
Eric Tenthorey A C , Ian Taggart B , Aleksandra Kalinowski A and Jason McKenna BA Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
B GeoGem Consultants, Unit 20, 5 Spyglass Grove, Connolly, WA 6027, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: Eric.Tenthorey@ga.gov.au
The APPEA Journal 61(1) 118-131 https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ20076
Submitted: 14 January 2021 Accepted: 25 February 2021 Published: 2 July 2021
Journal Compilation © APPEA 2021 Open Access CC BY
Abstract
The petroleum industry, through the production and consumption of oil and gas, contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. However, the industry’s leadership and experience in underground injection and storage of CO2, especially through CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR), which has been proposed as a possible solution to reducing atmospheric CO2 levels, has not been well acknowledged. Unlike traditional CO2-EOR, which tends to be a net carbon emitter due to the use of predominantly natural CO2, rather than anthropogenic, CO2-EOR+ focuses on storing a larger volume of CO2. Thus CO2-EOR+ not only provides a potential solution to dispose of anthropogenic emissions but at the same time reduces reliance on imported oil through increased domestic production. Increased industry interest and energy policy strategies directed at reducing and/or removing emissions from industry processes reflect the growing social and economic impetus to improve operation practices and the petroleum industry’s reputation. Residual oil zones (ROZs) below identified oil–water contacts provide an excellent target for the application of CO2-EOR+. They offer a producible residual oil resource accessible through CO2-EOR, as well as a large pore volume for CO2 storage, with efforts focused on converting ROZs into resources and reserves. Existing fields in the Surat and Cooper-Eromanga Basins are already well placed to utilise anthropogenic CO2 sources to achieve conventional CO2-EOR metrics. The ROZs in these basins will hopefully allow potential EOR projects to increase the CO2 volumes stored, per incremental barrel of oil, well past traditional levels (0.2–0.3 tCO2/bbl), and in doing so, potentially achieve net negative-emission oil.
Keywords: CO2, CO2-EOR+, Cooper Basin, enhanced oil recovery, Eromanga Basin, net negative emissions, residual oil zone, Surat Basin.
Eric Tenthorey is a senior researcher at Geoscience Australia, with expertise in geomechanics, carbon capture and other low carbon geoscience disciplines. He received a PhD from Columbia University and subsequently worked as a researcher at the Australian National University. In 2007, he was engaged by Geoscience Australia to work as a geomechanics expert with the CO2CRC; a cooperative research centre focused on developing and proving up CCS technology. More recently, his work has centred on other low carbon geoscience sectors, such as the hydrogen energy future, geothermal energy and CO2-enhanced oil recovery. In late 2019, he co-authored a government report entitled Prospective Hydrogen Production Regions of Australia, which has complemented the Australian Government’s Energy Technology Roadmap. Currently he is leading a national screening assessment for CO2-EOR, which aims to gauge the potential for EOR in Australia. In addition to developing technical reports such as these, he has over 30 publications in major international journals. |
Ian Taggart is a reservoir engineer with 30+ years of experience. He has worked internationally with Chevron in both technology and operational groups including several major project peer review panels for both Chevron operated and non-operated assets. Currently Ian works as a consultant reservoir engineer adviser in the area of reservoir description, particularly fluid PVT, reservoir simulation and CO2 sequestration. Ian holds an undergraduate degree in math-physics and a PhD in petroleum engineering from UNSW. After spending time in academia teaching in chemical engineering and petroleum engineering, Ian joined West Australian Petroleum (WAPET) as a reservoir engineer, concentrating on infill drilling opportunities and gas field appraisal including several of the Gorgon fields. Ian is a member of SPE and has published over a wide ranging subject area ranging from geostatistics, reservoir simulation methods, wellbore design and CO2 sequestration. |
Aleksandra Kalinowski is a geoscientist at Geoscience Australia, joining the agency in 2002. Aleks holds an undergraduate degree from ANU and a PhD from UNSW. Her most recent work has focused on basin and reservoir analysis, hydrocarbon prospectivity and thermal maturity studies, and CO2-EOR. She has extensive experience with various aspects of carbon capture and storage, basin analysis, other low-emissions technologies and mineral systems. At Geoscience Australia she has undertaken geological assessments for CO2 storage, including with the CO2CRC, established the China-Australia Geological Storage Program, and participated in international CCS fora such as the CSLF. She has worked on technical and policy aspects of CCS at MIT’s Laboratory for Energy and the Environment and Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government. Aleks’ current work focuses on CCS, hydrogen, geothermal and other low-emissions technologies. Aleks is a member of PESA, GSA and TSOP. |
Dr Jason McKenna received a BSc (Hons) and PhD in petroleum geophysics from Curtin University. Jason has 20+ years of experience in petroleum exploration and development working in the oil and gas industry. Specialties include 2D/3D/4D seismic data acquisition, processing and inversion. He is currently a member of ASEG and SEG. |
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