Australian salt basins – options for underground hydrogen storage
Marita Bradshaw A , Stephanie Rees A , Liuqi Wang A , Mike Szczepaniak A , Wayne Cook A , Sam Voegeli B , Christopher Boreham A , Carmine Wainman A , Sebastian Wong A , Chris Southby A and Andrew Feitz A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
B RESPEC, Rapid City, SD, USA.
* Correspondence to: andrew.feitz@ga.gov.au
The APPEA Journal 63 285-304 https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ22153
Submitted: 23 December 2022 Accepted: 3 March 2023 Published: 11 May 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of APPEA. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY).
Abstract
As Australia and the world transition to net zero emissions, hydrogen will continue to grow in importance as a clean energy source, with underground hydrogen storage (UHS) expected to be a key component of this new industry. Salt (halite) caverns are a preferred storage option for hydrogen, given their scale, stability and the high injection and withdrawal rates they can support. The use of salt caverns for storing gas is an established industry in North America and Europe but not in Australia, where exploration for suitable storage locations is in the initial frontier stages. Australia’s known major halite deposits occur in Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic sequences and are predominantly located in western and central Australia. This analysis has identified potential in eastern Australia in addition to the proven thick halite in the Adavale Basin, Queensland. Building on Geoscience Australia’s previous salt studies in the Canning, Polda and Adavale basins, this study expands the portfolio of areas prospective for halite in onshore and offshore basins using both direct and indirect evidence. The study correlates paleogeography and paleoclimate reconstructions with evidence of salt in wells, and in geophysical and geochemical data. Salt cavern design for UHS, the solution mining process, and the preferred salt deposits are also discussed. The results will provide pre-competitive information through a comprehensive inventory of areas that may be prospective for UHS.
Keywords: Adavale Basin, Amadeus Basin, evaporites, halite, Officer Basin, Polda Basin, salt caverns, underground hydrogen storage, UHS.
Marita Bradshaw is a Petroleum Geologist with over 40 years of experience in government and industry, at Geoscience Australia, Esso Australia and WMC Oil and Gas. She is a member of PESA, the Geological Society of Australia and the Steering Committee of the National Rock Garden. |
Stephanie Rees is an Energy Analyst in the Low Carbon Geoscience and Advice at Geoscience Australia. She holds an undergraduate degree in Petroleum Geoscience and a PhD in Geophysics from The University of Adelaide. Besides geophysics, her research interests include hydrogen production, storage and economy. |
Liuqi Wang is a Well Analyst at Geoscience Australia, working in the Minerals, Energy and Groundwater Division. He received his PhD in Petroleum Engineering and worked as a Research Fellow at the University of New South Wales before joining Geoscience Australia. Liuqi is a member of PESA and the European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers. |
Michael Szczepaniak is an Exploration and Development Geophysicist, with over 25 years’ experience, having worked with several major operators across a diverse range of regional settings. Michael currently works as a Seismic Analyst with the Minerals, Energy and Groundwater Division of Geoscience Australia. |
Wayne Cook is a Geophysical Project Officer at Geoscience Australia, with a B.Sc. in Resource and Environmental Management (the Australian National University; ANU) and a 30-year career in the earth science field. Wayne provides GIS and technical support to the geophysics program at Geoscience Australia. |
Sam Voegeli is the Energy Services Lead at RESPEC with 13 years of experience focused on underground energy storage, particularly in salt caverns. His areas of focus include rock mechanics; thermodynamics; laboratory testing; and the design, construction and operation of underground storage facilities throughout the world. |
Christopher J. Boreham is a Principal Organic Geochemist at Geoscience Australia, working in the Minerals, Energy and Groundwater Division. He obtained a PhD in Chemistry at ANU. Chris applies his skills to understand the evolution of petroleum and abiogenic gas in Australian basins. Chris is a member of PESA and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. |
Carmine Wainman holds an MSci in Geology from the University of Southampton and a PhD in Geosciences from the University of Adelaide. His professional expertise includes sedimentology, stratigraphy, palynology and basin analysis. He currently works at Geoscience Australia as a Basin Analyst in the Minerals, Energy and Groundwater Division. |
Sebastian Wong is the Activity Leader of Geoscience Australia’s 3D Geoscience Integration Team, where he oversees the national-scale acquisition, integration and interpretation of 3D geological and geophysical data. Sebastian studied Geology at the University of Newcastle, and he has prior geoscience experience working for a state geological survey and in the minerals and energy industries. |
Chris Southby is a Geoscientist in the Geoscience Australia’s Energy Systems Branch. He completed his Honours at ANU in 2004. Chris joined Geoscience Australia in 2008 and is now part of the Onshore Energy Systems team currently working under the Exploring for the Future program initiative. |
Andrew Feitz is an Environmental Engineer and Director of Low Carbon Geoscience and Advice at Geoscience Australia. He holds a PhD from the University of New South Wales (UNSW) and worked as a Senior Researcher at UNSW and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany). Andrew leads Geoscience Australia’s efforts in supporting the implementation of the National Hydrogen Strategy. |
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