Spatial variability and sources of platinum in a contaminated harbor – tracing coastal urban inputs
Melina Abdou
A B D , Jörg Schäfer A , Teba Gil-Díaz A , Mary-Lou Tercier-Waeber B , Charlotte Catrouillet A , Francesco Massa C , Michela Castellano C , Emanuele Magi C , Paolo Povero C and Gérard Blanc A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, 33615 Pessac, France.
B University of Geneva, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
C University of Genoa, DISTAV-DCCI, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
D Corresponding author. Email: melina.abdou@unige.ch
Environmental Chemistry 17(2) 105-117 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN19160
Submitted: 30 May 2019 Accepted: 9 October 2019 Published: 3 December 2019
Environmental context. Emerging contaminants such as platinum are continuously released into aquatic environments. Analytical challenges, however, have restricted information on their geochemical cycles. We examine the potential use of platinum as a tracer of anthropogenic inputs in a model industrial/urban site (Genoa Harbor, Italy), and provide a first estimate of dissolved platinum baseline concentrations in the northern Mediterranean coast.
Abstract. Biogeochemical cycles that include processes to control platinum (Pt) distribution remain widely unknown in aquatic environments, especially in coastal systems. Dissolved Pt concentrations in coastal seawater (PtD) and in suspended particulate matter (SPM, PtP) were measured, together with master variables comprising dissolved oxygen, dissolved and particulate organic carbon, chlorophyll-a, turbidity, and ammonium levels, along two longitudinal profiles in the industrial Genoa Harbor (north-west Italy). Concentrations and spatial distribution of PtD and PtP levels reflect distinct concentration gradients that were attributed to different Pt sources such as hospital, domestic and industrial wastewater, atmospheric deposition, and/or road runoff. Concentrations reaching up to 0.18 ng L−1 PtD and 14 ng g−1 PtP reflect the impact of Pt urban inputs to coastal sites. These first data highlight considerable anthropogenic contamination in a confined harbor compared with the proposed reference value for the western Mediterranean surface seawater measured at external sites. Identified correlations between Pt levels and human pollution signals suggest the potential use of Pt as a new tracer of anthropogenic inputs that can be applied to other urbanised coastal systems. Biogeochemical processes that induce changes in the partitioning and fate of Pt in coastal seawater reflect a spatial variability and highlight the need for comprehensive environmental monitoring at an appropriate spatial scale.
Additional keywords: coastal environment, distribution coefficient, emerging contaminant, seawater, suspended particulate matter, technology critical element, urban tracer.
References
Abdou M (2018). ‘Platinum biogeochemical cycles in coastal environments.’ PhD thesis, University of BordeauxAbdou M, Schäfer J, Cobelo-García A, Neira P, Petit JCJ, Auger D, Chiffoleau J-F, Blanc G (2016). Past and present platinum contamination of a major European fluvial–estuarine system: Insights from river sediments and estuarine oysters. Marine Chemistry 185, 104–110.
| Past and present platinum contamination of a major European fluvial–estuarine system: Insights from river sediments and estuarine oystersCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Abdou M, Dutruch L, Schäfer J, Zaldibar B, Medrano R, Izagirre U, Gil-Díaz T, Bossy C, Catrouillet C, Hu R, Coynel A, Lerat A, Cobelo-García A, Blanc G, Soto M (2018). Tracing platinum accumulation kinetics in oyster Crassostrea gigas, a sentinel species in coastal marine environments. The Science of the Total Environment 615, 652–663.
| Tracing platinum accumulation kinetics in oyster Crassostrea gigas, a sentinel species in coastal marine environmentsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28992492PubMed |
Abdou M, Schäfer J, Hu R, Gil-Díaz T, Garnier C, Brach-Papa C, Chiffoleau J-F, Charmasson S, Giner F, Dutruch L, Blanc G (2019). Platinum in sediments and mussels from the northwestern Mediterranean coast: Temporal and spatial aspects. Chemosphere 215, 783–792.
| Platinum in sediments and mussels from the northwestern Mediterranean coast: Temporal and spatial aspectsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30352375PubMed |
Almécija C, Cobelo-García A, Santos-Echeandía J, Caetano M (2016). Platinum in salt marsh sediments: Behavior and plant uptake. Marine Chemistry 185, 91–103.
| Platinum in salt marsh sediments: Behavior and plant uptakeCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Aminot A, Kirkwood DS, Kérouel R (1997). Determination of ammonia in seawater by the indophenol-blue method: Evaluation of the ICES NUTS I/C 5 questionnaire. Marine Chemistry 56, 59–75.
| Determination of ammonia in seawater by the indophenol-blue method: Evaluation of the ICES NUTS I/C 5 questionnaireCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Capello M, Cutroneo L, Castellano M, Orsi M, Pieracci A, Maria Bertolotto R, Povero P, Tucci S (2010). Physical and sedimentological characterisation of dredged sediments. Chemistry and Ecology 26, 359–369.
| Physical and sedimentological characterisation of dredged sedimentsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Capello M, Cutroneo L, Ferretti G, Gallino S, Canepa G (2016). Changes in the physical characteristics of the water column at the mouth of a torrent during an extreme rainfall event. Journal of Hydrology 541, 146–157.
| Changes in the physical characteristics of the water column at the mouth of a torrent during an extreme rainfall eventCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cobelo-García A, Turner A, Millward GE (2008). Fractionation and reactivity of platinum group elements during estuarine mixing. Environmental Science & Technology 42, 1096–1101.
| Fractionation and reactivity of platinum group elements during estuarine mixingCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cobelo-García A, López-Sánchez DE, Almécija C, Santos-Echeandía J (2013). Behavior of platinum during estuarine mixing (Pontevedra Ria, NW Iberian Peninsula). Marine Chemistry 150, 11–18.
| Behavior of platinum during estuarine mixing (Pontevedra Ria, NW Iberian Peninsula)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cobelo-García A, López-Sánchez DE, Schäfer J, Petit JCJ, Blanc G, Turner A (2014a). Behavior and fluxes of Pt in the macrotidal Gironde Estuary (SW France). Marine Chemistry 167, 93–101.
| Behavior and fluxes of Pt in the macrotidal Gironde Estuary (SW France)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cobelo-García A, Santos-Echeandía J, López-Sánchez DE, Almécija C, Omanović D (2014b). Improving the voltammetric quantification of ill-defined peaks using second derivative signal transformation: Example of the determination of platinum in water and sediments. Analytical Chemistry 86, 2308–2313.
| Improving the voltammetric quantification of ill-defined peaks using second derivative signal transformation: Example of the determination of platinum in water and sedimentsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24494709PubMed |
Cobelo-García A, Filella M, Croot P, Frazzoli C, Du Laing G, Ospina-Alvarez N, Rauch S, Salaun P, Schäfer J, Zimmermann S (2015). COST action TD1407: network on technology-critical elements (NOTICE) – from environmental processes to human health threats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 22, 15188–15194.
| COST action TD1407: network on technology-critical elements (NOTICE) – from environmental processes to human health threatsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26286804PubMed |
Colodner D (1991). ‘The marine geochemistry of rhenium, iridium and platinum.’ PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Colodner DC, Boyle EA, Edmond JM, Thomson J (1992). Post-depositional mobility of platinum, iridium and rhenium in marine sediments. Nature 358, 402–404.
| Post-depositional mobility of platinum, iridium and rhenium in marine sedimentsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Couceiro F, Turner A, Millward GE (2007). Adsorption and desorption kinetics of rhodium (III) and platinum (IV) in turbid suspensions: Potential tracers for sediment transport in estuarine flumes. Marine Chemistry 107, 308–318.
| Adsorption and desorption kinetics of rhodium (III) and platinum (IV) in turbid suspensions: Potential tracers for sediment transport in estuarine flumesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Curtis L, Turner A, Vyas N, Sewell G (2010). Speciation and Reactivity of Cisplatin in River Water and Seawater. Environmental Science & Technology 44, 3345–3350.
| Speciation and Reactivity of Cisplatin in River Water and SeawaterCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cutroneo L, Castellano M, Pieracci A, Povero P, Tucci S, Capello M (2012). The use of a combined monitoring system for following a turbid plume generated by dredging activities in a port. Journal of Soils and Sediments 12, 797–809.
| The use of a combined monitoring system for following a turbid plume generated by dredging activities in a portCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cutroneo L, Carbone C, Consani S, Vagge G, Canepa G, Capello M (2017). Environmental complexity of a port: Evidence from circulation of the water masses, and composition and contamination of bottom sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 119, 184–194.
| Environmental complexity of a port: Evidence from circulation of the water masses, and composition and contamination of bottom sedimentsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28365023PubMed |
Dai S, Ren D, Zhang J, Hou X (2003). Concentrations and origins of platinum group elements in Late Paleozoic coals of China. International Journal of Coal Geology 55, 59–70.
| Concentrations and origins of platinum group elements in Late Paleozoic coals of ChinaCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Deycard VN, Schäfer J, Blanc G, Coynel A, Petit JCJ, Lanceleur L, Dutruch L, Bossy C, Ventura A (2014). Contributions and potential impacts of seven priority substances (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) to a major European Estuary (Gironde Estuary, France) from urban wastewater. Marine Chemistry 167, 123–134.
| Contributions and potential impacts of seven priority substances (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) to a major European Estuary (Gironde Estuary, France) from urban wastewaterCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Deycard VN, Schäfer J, Petit JCJ, Coynel A, Lanceleur L, Dutruch L, Bossy C, Ventura A, Blanc G (2017). Inputs, dynamics and potential impacts of silver (Ag) from urban wastewater to a highly turbid estuary (SW France). Chemosphere 167, 501–511.
| Inputs, dynamics and potential impacts of silver (Ag) from urban wastewater to a highly turbid estuary (SW France)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27756044PubMed |
Djingova R, Heidenreich H, Kovacheva P, Markert B (2003). On the determination of platinum group elements in environmental materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and microwave digestion. Analytica Chimica Acta 489, 245–251.
| On the determination of platinum group elements in environmental materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and microwave digestionCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
El Sayed MA, Aminot A, Kerouel R (1994). Nutrients and trace metals in the northwestern Mediterranean under coastal upwelling conditions. Continental Shelf Research 14, 507–530.
| Nutrients and trace metals in the northwestern Mediterranean under coastal upwelling conditionsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Finkelman RB, Aruscavage PJ (1981). Concentration of some platinum-group metals in coal. International Journal of Coal Geology 1, 95–99.
| Concentration of some platinum-group metals in coalCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gammons CH (1996). Experimental investigations of the hydrothermal geochemistry of platinum and palladium: V. Equilibria between platinum metal, Pt(II), and Pt(IV) chloride complexes at 25 to 300 °C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60, 1683–1694.
| Experimental investigations of the hydrothermal geochemistry of platinum and palladium: V. Equilibria between platinum metal, Pt(II), and Pt(IV) chloride complexes at 25 to 300 °CCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Goldberg ED, Hodge V, Kay P, Stallard M, Koide M (1986). Some comparative marine chemistries of platinum and iridium. Applied Geochemistry 1, 227–232.
| Some comparative marine chemistries of platinum and iridiumCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Johnson AC, Jürgens MD, Williams RJ, Kümmerer K, Kortenkamp A, Sumpter JP (2008). Do cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs discharged into rivers pose a risk to the environment and human health? An overview and UK case study. Journal of Hydrology 348, 167–175.
| Do cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs discharged into rivers pose a risk to the environment and human health? An overview and UK case studyCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kümmerer K, Helmers E (1997). Hospital effluents as a source for platinum in the environment. The Science of the Total Environment 193, 179–184.
| Hospital effluents as a source for platinum in the environmentCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kümmerer K, Helmers E, Hubner P, Mascart G, Milandri M, Reinthaler F, Zwakenberg M (1999). European hospitals as a source for platinum in the environment in comparison with other sources. Science of the Total Environment 225, 155–165.
| European hospitals as a source for platinum in the environment in comparison with other sourcesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 10028712PubMed |
Lenz K, Koellensperger G, Hann S, Weissenbacher N, Mahnik SN, Fuerhacker M (2007). Fate of cancerostatic platinum compounds in biological wastewater treatment of hospital effluents. Chemosphere 69, 1765–1774.
| Fate of cancerostatic platinum compounds in biological wastewater treatment of hospital effluentsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17624406PubMed |
Levard C, Mitra S, Yang T, Jew AD, Badireddy AR, Lowry GV, Brown GE (2013). Effect of Chloride on the Dissolution Rate of Silver Nanoparticles and Toxicity to E. coli. Environmental Science & Technology 47, 5738–5745.
| Effect of Chloride on the Dissolution Rate of Silver Nanoparticles and Toxicity to E. coliCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
López-Sánchez DE, Cobelo-García A, Rijkenberg MJA, Gerringa LJA, de Baar HJW (2019). New insights on the dissolved platinum behavior in the Atlantic Ocean. Chemical Geology 511, 204–211.
| New insights on the dissolved platinum behavior in the Atlantic OceanCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Martín J, Sanchez-Cabeza JA, Eriksson M, Levy I, Miquel JC (2009). Recent accumulation of trace metals in sediments at the DYFAMED site (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin 59, 146–153.
| Recent accumulation of trace metals in sediments at the DYFAMED site (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19364611PubMed |
Mashio AS, Obata H, Tazoe H, Tsutsumi M, Ferrer i Santos A, Gamo T (2016). Dissolved platinum in rainwater, river water and seawater around Tokyo Bay and Otsuchi Bay in Japan. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 180, 160–167.
| Dissolved platinum in rainwater, river water and seawater around Tokyo Bay and Otsuchi Bay in JapanCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mashio AS, Obata H, Gamo T (2017). Dissolved Platinum Concentrations in Coastal Seawater: Boso to Sanriku Areas, Japan. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 73, 240–246.
| Dissolved Platinum Concentrations in Coastal Seawater: Boso to Sanriku Areas, JapanCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28528413PubMed |
Mazzei F, D’Alessandro A, Lucarelli F, Marenco F, Nava S, Prati P, Valli G, Vecchi R (2006). Elemental composition and source apportionment of particulate matter near a steel plant in Genoa (Italy). Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 249, 548–551.
| Elemental composition and source apportionment of particulate matter near a steel plant in Genoa (Italy)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Monteiro CE, Cobelo-García A, Caetano M, Correia dos Santos MM (2017). Improved voltammetric method for simultaneous determination of Pt and Rh using second derivative signal transformation – application to environmental samples. Talanta 175, 1–8.
| Improved voltammetric method for simultaneous determination of Pt and Rh using second derivative signal transformation – application to environmental samplesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28841964PubMed |
Neira P, Cobelo-García A, Besada V, Santos-Echeandía J, Bellas J (2015). Evidence of increased anthropogenic emissions of platinum: Time-series analysis of mussels (1991–2011) of an urban beach. The Science of the Total Environment 514, 366–370.
| Evidence of increased anthropogenic emissions of platinum: Time-series analysis of mussels (1991–2011) of an urban beachCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25679817PubMed |
Obata H, Yoshida T, Ogawa H (2006). Determination of picomolar levels of platinum in estuarine waters: A comparison of cathodic stripping voltammetry and isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 580, 32–38.
| Determination of picomolar levels of platinum in estuarine waters: A comparison of cathodic stripping voltammetry and isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometryCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17723753PubMed |
Oursel B, Garnier C, Durrieu G, Mounier S, Omanović D, Lucas Y (2013). Dynamics and fates of trace metals chronically input in a Mediterranean coastal zone impacted by a large urban area. Marine Pollution Bulletin 69, 137–149.
| Dynamics and fates of trace metals chronically input in a Mediterranean coastal zone impacted by a large urban areaCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23465577PubMed |
Pawlak J, Lodyga-Chruścińska E, Chrustowicz J (2014). Fate of platinum metals in the environment. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 28, 247–254.
| Fate of platinum metals in the environmentCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24809664PubMed |
Peavy CC (1958). The importance of platinum in petroleum refining. Platinum Metals Review 2, 48–52.
Pougnet F, Schäfer J, Dutruch L, Garnier C, Tessier E, Dang DH, Lanceleur L, Mullot J-U, Lenoble V, Blanc G (2014). Sources and historical record of tin and butyl-tin species in a Mediterranean bay (Toulon Bay, France). Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 21, 6640–6651.
| Sources and historical record of tin and butyl-tin species in a Mediterranean bay (Toulon Bay, France)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24557802PubMed |
Povero P, Ruggieri N, Misic C, Castellano M, Rivaro P, Conio O, Derqui E, Maggi S, Fabiano M (2005). Ports of Genoa: Old Port, Multedo Oil Terminal and Voltri Container Terminal. In ‘Nutrient fluxes in transition zones of the Italian Coast’. (Eds G Giordani, P Viaroli, DP Swaney, CN Murray, JM Zaldivar, JJ Marshall Crossland) Loicz Reports & Studies 28, pp. 128–135. (LOICZ International Project Office: Texel, The Netherlands)
Prichard HM, Fisher PC (2012). Identification of Platinum and Palladium Particles Emitted from Vehicles and Dispersed into the Surface Environment. Environmental Science & Technology 46, 3149–3154.
| Identification of Platinum and Palladium Particles Emitted from Vehicles and Dispersed into the Surface EnvironmentCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rauch S, Morrison GM (1999). Platinum uptake by the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus in urban rivers. The Science of the Total Environment 235, 261–268.
| Platinum uptake by the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus in urban riversCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 10535125PubMed |
Rauch S, Peucker-Ehrenbrink B (2015). Sources of platinum group elements in the environment. In ‘Platinum metals in the environment’. Environmental science and engineering. (Eds F Zereini, C Wiseman) pp. 3–17. (Springer: Berlin)
Rauch SF, Hemond H, Peucker-Ehrenbrink B (2004). Source characterisation of atmospheric platinum group element deposition into an ombrotrophic peat bog. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 6, 335–343.
| Source characterisation of atmospheric platinum group element deposition into an ombrotrophic peat bogCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rauch S, Peucker-Ehrenbrink B, Molina LT, Molina MJ, Ramos R, Hemond HF (2006). Platinum Group Elements in Airborne Particles in Mexico City. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 7554–7560.
| Platinum Group Elements in Airborne Particles in Mexico CityCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Recchia V (1999). Risk communication and public perception of technological hazards (part two) (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 200570). Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY.
Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003). Composition of the continental crust. In ‘Treatise on geochemistry’. (Eds HD Holland, KK Turekian) pp. 1–64. (Elsevier: Amsterdam)
Ruggieri N, Castellano M, Capello M, Maggi S, Povero P (2011). Seasonal and spatial variability of water quality parameters in the Port of Genoa, Italy, from 2000 to 2007. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62, 340–349.
| Seasonal and spatial variability of water quality parameters in the Port of Genoa, Italy, from 2000 to 2007Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21056431PubMed |
Schäfer J, Eckhardt J-D, Berner ZA, Stüben D (1999). Time-Dependent Increase of Traffic-Emitted Platinum-Group Elements (PGE) in Different Environmental Compartments. Environmental Science & Technology 33, 3166–3170.
| Time-Dependent Increase of Traffic-Emitted Platinum-Group Elements (PGE) in Different Environmental CompartmentsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schäfer J, Blanc G, Lapaquellerie Y, Maillet N, Maneux E, Etcheber H (2002). Ten-year observation of the Gironde tributary fluvial system: Fluxes of suspended matter, particulate organic carbon and cadmium. Marine Chemistry 79, 229–242.
| Ten-year observation of the Gironde tributary fluvial system: Fluxes of suspended matter, particulate organic carbon and cadmiumCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sebek O, Mihaljevič M, Strnad L, Ettler V, Ježek J, Stědrý R, Drahota P, Ackerman L, Adamec V (2011). Dissolution kinetics of Pd and Pt from automobile catalysts by naturally occurring complexing agents. Journal of Hazardous Materials 198, 331–339.
| Dissolution kinetics of Pd and Pt from automobile catalysts by naturally occurring complexing agentsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22078491PubMed |
Sharp JH, Benner R, Bennett L, Carlson CA, Dow R, Fitzwater SE (1993). Re‐evaluation of high temperature combustion and chemical oxidation measurements of dissolved organic carbon in seawater. Limnology and Oceanography 38, 1774–1782.
| Re‐evaluation of high temperature combustion and chemical oxidation measurements of dissolved organic carbon in seawaterCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Small C, Nicholls RJ (2003). A global analysis of human settlement in coastal zones. Journal of Coastal Research 19, 584–599.
Suzuki A, Obata H, Okubo A, Gamo T (2014). Precise determination of dissolved platinum in seawater of the Japan Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and western North Pacific Ocean. Marine Chemistry 166, 114–121.
| Precise determination of dissolved platinum in seawater of the Japan Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and western North Pacific OceanCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tessier E, Garnier C, Mullot J-U, Lenoble V, Arnaud M, Raynaud M, Mounier S (2011). Study of the spatial and historical distribution of sediment inorganic contamination in the Toulon bay (France). Marine Pollution Bulletin 62, 2075–2086.
| Study of the spatial and historical distribution of sediment inorganic contamination in the Toulon bay (France)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21864863PubMed |
Turetta C, Cozzi G, Varga A, Barbante C, Capodaglio G, Cescon P (2003). Platinum group elements determination in seawater by ICP-SFMS: Initial results. Journal de Physique IV 107, 1321–1324.
| Platinum group elements determination in seawater by ICP-SFMS: Initial resultsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Turner A (2007). Particle–water interactions of platinum group elements under estuarine conditions. Marine Chemistry 103, 103–111.
| Particle–water interactions of platinum group elements under estuarine conditionsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Turner A, Mascorda L (2015). Particle–water interactions of platinum-based anticancer drugs in river water and estuarine water. Chemosphere 119, 415–422.
| Particle–water interactions of platinum-based anticancer drugs in river water and estuarine waterCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25068619PubMed |
Turner A, Crussell M, Millward GE, Cobelo-García A, Fisher AS (2006). Adsorption Kinetics of Platinum Group Elements in River Water. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 1524–1531.
| Adsorption Kinetics of Platinum Group Elements in River WaterCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
van den Berg CMG, Jacinto GS (1988). The determination of platinum in sea water by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta 211, 129–139.
| The determination of platinum in sea water by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetryCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Vyas N, Turner A, Sewell G (2014). Platinum-based anticancer drugs in waste waters of a major UK hospital and predicted concentrations in recipient surface waters. The Science of the Total Environment 493, 324–329.
| Platinum-based anticancer drugs in waste waters of a major UK hospital and predicted concentrations in recipient surface watersCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24951889PubMed |
Wood SA (1990). The interaction of dissolved platinum with fulvic acid and simple organic acid analogues in aqueous solutions. Canadian Mineralogist 28, 665–673.
