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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 7(2)

Validation of a portable flow injection–chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method for the determination of dissolved iron in Atlantic open ocean and shelf waters by comparison with isotope dilution–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICPMS)

Simon J. Ussher A C , Ivan Petrov B , Christophe R. Quétel B and Paul J. Worsfold A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.

B Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Joint Research Centre–European Commission, 111 Retieseweg, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.

C Corresponding author. Present address: Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, 17 Biological Station, Ferry Reach, St. George’s, GE 01, Bermuda. Email: simon.ussher@bios.edu

Environmental Chemistry 7(2) 139-145 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN09092
Submitted: 16 July 2009  Accepted: 18 January 2010   Published: 22 April 2010

Environmental context. The importance of iron as a limiting micronutrient for primary production in the marine environment and its complex marine biogeochemical cycle necessitate accurate methods for the determination of iron in seawater. Current analytical challenges include the detection of trace concentrations (sub-nanomolar) and the high potential for contamination and matrix interferences. To improve confidence in dissolved iron data, intercomparison exercises of commonly used analytical methods are required that demonstrate their applicability to different water masses.

Abstract. A blind intercomparison exercise was carried out to validate a well documented, portable flow injection–chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method for the determination of iron in seawater. This was done by the analysis of a variety of filtered Atlantic Ocean samples using FI-CL and a potential primary method of measurement, isotope dilution–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICPMS). To investigate the effect of the seawater matrix at various concentrations of iron, samples were collected at various depths (0–200 m) from different water masses (European Continental Shelf, the South Atlantic Ocean) and filtered through both 0.02- and 0.2-μm pore size filters. The exercise was conducted under controlled conditions using the same bottles transported between laboratories to avoid between-bottle inhomogeneity. The results generally showed good agreement between the two methods for dissolved iron over the concentration range 0.15 to 2.1 nM. However, some samples were not in agreement according to estimated uncertainties and this was attributed to random errors arising from contamination during sample handling and matrix effects (i.e. variable interferences) rather than systematic errors.

Additional keywords: Atlantic seawater, biogeochemistry, intercomparison exercise.


Acknowledgements

S. J. Ussher and P. J. Worsfold acknowledge the Natural Environment Research Council for funding the analytical work through research grant NER/A/S/2003/00489, the European Commission for supporting time to complete the manuscript under an Marie Curie IOF ‘SOLAIROS’ project (PIOF-GA-2009-235418) and the EU COST Action (COST Action Number: ES0801) for funding a visit to the IRMM laboratory in Belgium. I. Petrov is grateful to the European Union for financial support in the form of a Ph.D. fellowship (contribution n°18858). We thank both reviewers for their constructive criticism which has contributed to the quality of this manuscript.


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