Toxicity of arsenic(v) to temperate and tropical marine biota and the derivation of chronic marine water quality guideline values
Lisa A. Golding
A * , Maria V. Valdivia B , Joost W. van Dam C , Graeme E. Batley A and Simon C. Apte A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A CSIRO, Land and Water, Tharawal Country, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia.
B Grupo Gestiona Consultores, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
C Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, NT, Australia.
Environmental Chemistry 19(4) 116-131 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN22039
Submitted: 24 April 2022 Accepted: 7 June 2022 Published: 28 July 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC)
Environmental context. High-quality ecotoxicology data are required to derive reliable water quality guideline values that ensure long-term protection of marine biota from arsenate. Tropical and temperate marine biota have sensitivity to arsenate covering three to four orders of magnitude due to the range of arsenate detoxification mechanisms used to reduce toxicity. The water quality guideline values derived in this study will contribute to robust risk assessments of arsenate in marine environments.
Rationale. There are very few high-quality chronic inorganic arsenate (AsV) toxicity data to assess the risks to marine ecosystems. We aimed to determine the range in chronic toxicity of AsV to marine biota and derive reliable water quality guideline values (GVs) for the long-term protection of marine ecosystems.
Methodology. We generated chronic toxicity data based on measured dissolved (<0.45 µm filtered) AsV concentrations for 13 marine species representing seven taxonomic groups from temperate and tropical environments. Effect concentrations at the 10% level (EC10) were used in a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) to derive water quality GVs.
Results. The range of concentrations causing chronic 10, 20 and 50% adverse effects were 13–26 000, 18–34 000 and 32–330 000 µg AsV L–1, respectively. Increased phosphate and nitrate concentrations were found to reduce the toxicity of AsV to certain microalgal, sea urchin and bivalve species. The range in effect concentrations for tropical versus temperate species overlapped at all effect levels. The GVs for the long-term protection of 80, 90, 95 and 99% of marine biota were: 48, 22, 12 and 4.8 µg AsV L–1, respectively.
Discussion. Recommendations on performing toxicity tests with arsenic to prevent artefacts associated with arsenic speciation were made to improve future research on arsenic toxicity. The new data will improve the reliability status of the Australian and New Zealand AsV GVs for marine water quality and fill a data gap for global risk assessments of AsV for marine biota.
Keywords: aquatic ecotoxicology, arsenate, Burrlioz, marine chemistry, metalloid, phosphate, speciation, species sensitivity distribution, water quality criteria.
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