Microplastic fibre releases from industrial wastewater effluent: a textile wet-processing mill in China
Carmen K. M. Chan A , Curie Park B , King Ming Chan C , Daniel C. W. Mak C D , James K. H. Fang D and Denise M. Mitrano
E F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QA, UK.
B Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
C School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
D Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
E Department of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
F Corresponding author. Email: denise.mitrano@usys.ethz.ch
Environmental Chemistry 18(3) 93-100 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN20143
Submitted: 26 September 2020 Accepted: 15 December 2020 Published: 14 January 2021
Environmental context. Microplastic fibres (MPFs) released from textiles are routinely found throughout the environment as an indicator of human impacts. The presence of MPFs in industrial wastewater effluents shows that attention should be placed not only on domestic release but also on the upstream processes of textile production. In the context of global MPF release, the ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source.
Abstract. Microplastic fibres (MPFs) released from textiles are routinely found throughout the environment indicating human impacts on natural systems. The most common release pathway to the environment investigated are domestic textile laundering, transport through and retention in municipal wastewater treatment plants and subsequent application of processed sludge onto agricultural fields as soil amendment. A less-studied but potentially equally relevant source is releases further upstream in the textile production chain such as industrial wastewater effluents from textile processing mills. In this context, industrial wastewater from a typical textile wet-processing mill in China was sampled to estimate MPF release. Effluent was sampled and MPF fibre number and length were quantified by stereomicroscope. An average of 361.6 ± 24.5 MPFs L−1 was identified in the mill effluent. MPF length was highly variable, yet 92 % of all fibres were shorter than 1000 µm. Additionally, the sampling strategy was used to identify the optimal volume necessary to adequately subsample the effluent. We found that total fibre counts were linearly correlated with sample volumes between 1 and 10 L, but a sampling volume of 5 L is suggested for good reproducibility, low standard deviation and ease of working volume. The significant abundance of MPFs in the industrial wastewater effluent emphasises that not only should attention be placed on domestic releases, but the production stage of textiles can also be responsible for MPF pollution. The ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source.
Keywords: industrial wastewater, microfibres, microplastic, microplastic fibres, microplastic fibres release, microplastic pollution, textile wet processing, wastewater treatment.
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