Compositions and isotopic differences of iso- and anteiso-alkanes in black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) across a salinity gradient in a subtropical estuary
Ding He A B D , Bernd R. T. Simoneit C , Blanca Jara B and Rudolf Jaffé A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
B Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
C Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 2100 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
D Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Marine Science, University of Georgia, 220 Marine Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Email: dhe001@fiu.edu; dinghe@uga.edu
Environmental Chemistry 13(4) 623-630 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15128
Submitted: 22 June 2015 Accepted: 25 September 2015 Published: 23 November 2015
Environmental context. Mangroves dominate at the interface between land and sea, especially along tropical and subtropical coasts. To gain a better understanding of how mangroves respond to various environmental stress factors, we investigated the use of monomethylalkanes as potential chemical tracers for black mangroves. The application of these chemical tracers could elucidate how black mangroves respond to environmental stress such as sea level rise in mixed mangrove environments.
Abstract. A series of iso- and anteiso-monomethylalkanes (MMAs) with carbon numbers from C23 to C35 and C14 to C34 respectively were detected in Avicennia germinans. These compounds were present in varying amounts up to 54.1, 1.0 and 3.4 µg g–1 dry weight in the leaves, bark and the crustose lichens attached to the bark of A. germinans respectively. These MMAs were not detected in the leaf waxes of Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemosa, but were detected in significantly lower abundances (2–6 % of that in A. germinans leaf wax) in the bark and lichen of R. mangle. Significant odd-carbon number distributions and even-carbon number distributions were observed for long chain (C ≥ 25) iso- (maximising at C31) and anteiso-MMAs (maximising at C32) respectively in A. germinans leaf wax. However, no obvious carbon number preferences were detected for bark and lichen. The long chain (LC) iso- and anteiso-MMAs in A. germinans leaf waxes were found to be enriched in 13C by 0.3–4.3 and 0.7–4.2 per mille (‰) compared to the n-alkanes with the same carbon numbers respectively across the salinity gradient of 19.7–32.0 practical salinity units (psu). In comparison, the LC iso- and anteiso-MMAs were found to be more depleted in D by 6.1–55.1 and 7.3–57.0 ‰ compared to the n-alkanes with same carbon numbers respectively. The results imply that A. germinans could be another important source of iso- and anteiso-alkanes in sediments and soils, and that these compounds could potentially be used as biomarkers for this species in mixed mangrove environments.
Additional keywords: compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotopes, estuary.
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