Influence of the Mississippi River plume and non-bioavailable DMSP on dissolved DMSP turnover in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Jessie Motard-Côté A B D , David J. Kieber C , Allison Rellinger A B and Ronald P. Kiene A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A University of South Alabama, Department of Marine Sciences, 5871 USA Drive North, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
B Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Boulevard, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA.
C State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Department of Chemistry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
D Corresponding author. Email: jmotard-cote@disl.org
Environmental Chemistry 13(2) 280-292 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15053
Submitted: 8 March 2015 Accepted: 27 September 2015 Published: 15 December 2015
Environmental context. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) comprises an important fraction of the organic carbon produced by phytoplankton, and is a major source of carbon and sulfur for heterotrophic bacteria. Here, we show that a non-bioavailable fraction of DMSP recently discovered in coastal waters also exists in oligotrophic open-ocean waters. Taking account of the non-bioavailable pool improved estimates of cycling rates of DMSP and its contribution to bacterial nutrition.
Abstract. Microbial cycling of dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPd) and the fate of DMSP-sulfur were measured in the northern Gulf of Mexico off the Louisiana coast in September 2011 using the tracer 35S-DMSPd. Salinity ranged from 31.2 ppt in the Mississippi River plume to 36.5 ppt offshore. Total DMSP concentrations were significantly higher at the river-influenced stations (12–27 nM) than offshore (6–14 nM). From 8.7 to 27 % of the measured DMSPd, equivalent to 0.1 to 0.23 nM, was refractory (i.e. non-bioavailable). We subtracted refractory DMSPd from the measured DMSPd concentrations when calculating DMSPd consumption rates with the tracer 35S-DMSPd. DMSPd consumption and bacterial production were respectively 8 and 7 times higher in the river plume compared with offshore. Incorporation of DMSP-sulfur into biomass was almost three times higher in river-influenced water, whereas the dimethylsulfide (DMS) yield was 3.5 times lower in the river plume compared with offshore. Accordingly, DMSP contributed over 3 times more to the bacterial demand for both carbon and sulfur in the river-influenced water. Despite lower DMS yields in the river plume, the fast DMSP turnover resulted in a 2.7-times higher DMS production compared with offshore waters. Mississippi River inputs and the resulting high productivity led to a rapid turnover of DMSP and high DMS production in the river plume compared with oligotrophic Gulf of Mexico waters. Failure to account for refractory DMSPd when using the 35S-DMSP method will lead to significant overestimation of the DMSPd turnover flux and its contributions to C and S cycling.
Additional keywords: biogeochemistry, carbon substrate, filtration, microbial loop, organic matter, organic sulfur, refractory organic matter.
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