Formation of marine secondary aerosols in the Southern Ocean, Antarctica
Shanshan Wang
A B , Jinpei Yan A B C , Qi Lin A B , Miming Zhang A B , Suqing Xu A B , Shuhui Zhao A B and Meina Ruan A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
B Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
C Corresponding author. Email: jpyan@tio.org.cn
Environmental Chemistry 18(6) 285-293 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN21068
Submitted: 21 May 2021 Accepted: 19 July 2021 Published: 13 August 2021
Environmental context. Water soluble ions (WSIs) in aerosols, especially in marine secondary aerosols, can participate in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the marine boundary layer, which can affect global climate. In our study, in-situ gas and aerosol compositions were analysed to explore the formation paths and forms of secondary aerosols in the Southern Ocean (SO) in summer. Our study provided novel data on these formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols in the SO, with potential impacts on our understanding of global climate change.
Abstract. Water-soluble ions (WSIs) in aerosols, especially marine secondary aerosols, may participate in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the marine boundary layer and affect the global climate. However, there is still a lack of studies on the background concentrations and the formation mechanisms of marine secondary aerosols in polar areas. High time resolution concentrations of WSIs in aerosols were analysed by an in situ gas and aerosol composition monitoring system in the Southern Ocean (SO) to identify the formation of marine secondary aerosols including methanesulfonic acid (MSA), SO42− and NO3−. The average hourly mass concentration of WSIs was 663 ng m−3 and secondary aerosols accounted for 49.8 ± 20.2 % of the WSIs. SO42− and NO3− were mainly formed by homogeneous reaction, whereas homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions together contributed to the formation of MSA− in aerosols in the SO. The melting of sea ice and the increase of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration contributed to the formation of MSA−. MSA-Na, MSA-NH4+, MSA-SO42−, MSA-Mg, MSA-K and MSA-Cl existed in marine aerosols. Secondary inorganic aerosols existed mainly in the forms of NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4 and MgSO4. The results enrich the data of WSI concentrations and formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols in the SO.
Keywords: water-soluble ion, marine secondary aerosol, formation, existence form.
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