Engineering geophysics ? a civil engineer's veiwpoint

Abstract

Engineering geophysical methods are a useful site investigation tool in Civil Engineering provided they are applied by experienced personnel, and in conjunction with geological and other site investigation methods. Seismic refraction methods (P and S wave) and resistivity methods have the greatest application. Use of seismic refraction method with geological factors can allow estimation of the rippability of rock by bulldozers, but the methods available are only approximate. Contracts should recognise this limited accuracy and allow for separate rates for excavation of rippable and non-rippable rock.