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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 76(4)

Spatio-temporal variability of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) yield in relation to edaphoclimatic factors in the central region of Brazil

Frank Freire Capuchinho https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7491-361X A , Derblai Casaroli https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-0066 A * , José Alves Júnior B , Adão Wagner Pêgo Evangelista C , Maxuel Fellipe Nunes Xavier D , Andrea Inés Irigoyen E and Alisson Neves Harmyans Moreira https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5835-1581 F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Federal University of Goiás, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Agrometeorology Area, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Email: frankfreirec@gmail.com

B Federal University of Goiás, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Irrigation Management Area, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Email: josealvesufg@yahoo.com.br

C Federal University of Goiás, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Irrigation and Drainage Area, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Email: awpego@gmail.com

D Federal University of Goiás, Department of Soil, Plant Nutrition Area, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Email: maxuel_xavier@discente.ufg.br

E National University of Mar del Plata, Department of Introduction of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Meteorology Area, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Email: airigoyenar@yahoo.com.ar

F Federal University of Goiás, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Geoprocessing Area, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Email: alisson.harmyans@ufg.br

* Correspondence to: derblai@ufg.br

Handling Editor: Davide Cammarano

Crop & Pasture Science 76, CP23318 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP23318
Submitted: 20 November 2023  Accepted: 19 March 2025  Published: 8 April 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Context

Production of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) in Brazil holds a significant global position. However, it faces challenges in yield optimization due to unfavorable edaphoclimatic conditions and technological limitations.

Aim

This study aimed to correlate the spatio-temporal variability of sugarcane yield with edaphoclimatic conditions in the central region of Brazil.

Methods

This study included 11 sugarcane producing municipalities in central region of Brazil. It utilized 47 years of historical data on yield, climate, and soil. To isolate the climatic effects on yield (Yr), technological trends (YrNT) were removed via simple linear regression adjustment, followed by cluster analysis.

Key results

Four groups of Yr and YrNT were identified. Group 1 exhibited the highest average yield (77 Mg ha−1), while Group 4 had the lowest (47 Mg ha−1), with a yield gap of approximately 10.2 Mg ha−1. Municipalities with the highest Yr averages were in Clusters 3 and 4 for climate, and Clusters 2 and 3 for soil.

Conclusions

The higher occurrence of anomalies lower than 1.0 σ for climate Group 3 of YrNT indicates that unfavorable climatic conditions combined with inadequate production technologies can lead to significant yield losses (26% of years). Evaluating sugarcane yield by considering crop cycles and edaphoclimatic factors before technological trends can provide a more accurate insight into yield variability.

Implications

Understanding the relationship between edaphoclimatic factors and sugarcane yield variation can guide targeted interventions, aiding in the development of strategies to mitigate losses in sugarcane farming.

Keywords: agrometeorology, cluster analysis, long-term data, real yield, Saccharum spp, soil chemistry, soil physics, technological trend, temporal and spatial variability.

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