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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 75(1)

Phenotypic variations in M2 generation by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

S. S. Jade A , V. N. Gaikwad A , S. P. Jadhav A , P. S. Takawale A * and R. A. Bahulikar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0442-4607 A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A BAIF Development Research Foundation, Central Research Station, Urulikanchan, Dist. Pune 412 202, Maharashtra, India.

* Correspondence to: pramodkumar.takawale@baif.org.in, Rahul.Bahulikar@baif.org.in

Handling Editor: Marta Santalla

Crop & Pasture Science 75, CP23047 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP23047
Submitted: 21 February 2023  Accepted: 9 October 2023  Published: 30 October 2023

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Context

Mutagenesis is an effective method to create genetic variation in an available accession.

Aim

This study aimed to generate variability in a genetically distinct genotype of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) by using a chemical mutagen.

Methods

Eight different ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) concentrations were used to determine lethal dose for 50% of the population (LD50). Among them, two EMS concentrations were used to treat 20 000 seeds of BAL-08-01 accession. A total of 8301 individual plants from 1225 families in the second generation (M2) were established under field conditions. Phenotypic observations were recorded as per Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) testing guidelines.

Key results

Wide variations were observed for all phenotypic characters. Among these, green fodder yield, plant height and number of tillers varied with a range of 1–372.5 g, 8.1–120.8 cm and 0–77 per plant, respectively. Variations were also recorded for other characters such as leaf shape, flower colour, primary branching, etc. A total of 86.76% of plants showed purple colour flowers. Principal component analysis was performed for fodder characters from each EMS concentration. First, two principal components contributed an overall 97.06% variability. M2 plants outside 95% ellipses show the highest phenotypic variations.

Conclusion

EMS is effective in inducing mutation in lucerne. Phenotypic mutations were recognised in the M2 generation for the quantitative and qualitative characters and green fodder yield.

Implications

The resulting high level of variability will serve as source material for the improvement of lucerne for various traits.

Keywords: biomass estimation, ethyl methanesulfonate, genetic variability lucerne, green fodder yield, heritability, mutagenesis.

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