Quantitative evaluation of silicon applications on wheat response to salinity: changes in photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, yield and yield components
Faride Feghhenabi A , Hashem Hadi
A , Habib Khodaverdiloo B * , Martinus Th. van Genuchten C D and Lachlan Lake E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
B Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
C Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
D Center for Environmental Studies, CEA, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
E South Australian Research and Development Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, Australia.
Crop & Pasture Science 73(10) 1118-1130 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21676
Submitted: 28 September 2021 Accepted: 11 March 2022 Published: 4 April 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Salinity is a major cause of yield loss in wheat globally.
Aims and Methods: To investigate the potential of silicon to minimise the effect of salinity in wheat, experiments were conducted using outdoor pots subjected to seven salinity treatments. Silicon (as potassium silicate K2SiO3) was applied as both a priming agent and foliar spray. Selected response functions were used to quantify wheat response to salinity as affected by silicon application.
Key results: Concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid decreased by 4.2, 3.6 and 1.4 mg/g FW respectively with increasing salinity up to an electrical conductivity of 14 dS/m. Increasing salinity levels increased maximum variable chlorophyll fluorescence yield in a dark-adapted state and decreased the photochemical quenching coefficient, the nonphotochemical quenching coefficient, non-photochemical quenching, actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport in the light-adapted state, and the apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate. The maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry in the dark-adapted state was not significantly influenced by salinity. The response functions showed that the salinity threshold value and the salinity at which a given trait was reduced by 50% (EC50) were 5.7 and 12.1 dS/m, respectively.
Conclusions: The combined treatment of silicon (priming × foliar spray) was found to be the most effective, increasing salinity threshold value and EC50 by 32 and 2% respectively.
Implications: These findings give insight into the effects of salinity on wheat and demonstrate the potential of silicon applications to promote crop health in saline environments.
Keywords: abiotic stresses, chlorophyll fluorescence, foliar spray, plant production, priming, reduction function, soil salinity, yield.
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