Can pasture defoliation management targets be similar under full sun and shaded conditions?
Gustavo Krahl
A , Tiago Celso Baldissera B * , Cassiano Eduardo Pinto B , Fábio Cervo Garagorry C , Simone Silmara Werner D , Cássio Felipe Lopes E and Henrique Mendonça Nunes Ribeiro Filho E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A University of the West of Santa Catarina, Rua Dirceu Giordani, 696, Bairro Jardim Tarumã, Xanxerê, SC, CEP: 89820-000, Brazil.
B Epagri - Company of Agricultural Research and Rural Extension of Santa Catarina, Estação Experimental de Lages, Rua João José Godinho s/n, Bairro Morro do Posto, Lages, SC CEP 88502-970, Brazil.
C Embrapa Pecuária Sul, Rodovia BR-153, Km 632,9, Bagé, RS CEP 96401-970, Brazil.
D Departamento de Informática e Estatística - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (INE/CTC- UFSC). R. Delfino Conti, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil.
E Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Santa Catarina State University, Avenida Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC CEP 88520-000, Brazil.
Crop & Pasture Science 74(3) 259-269 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21592
Submitted: 10 November 2021 Accepted: 27 July 2022 Published: 31 August 2022
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Defoliation management targets applied to forages under the full sun have not yet been properly evaluated for shaded environments such as occur in integrated crop–livestock systems with the presence of trees.
Aims: This study aimed to determine defoliation targets under full sun and shaded environments for the shade-tolerant perennial summer grass hybrid Axonopus catharinensis (giant missionary grass), widely used in pasture systems of South Brazil and Argentina.
Methods: Four pre-defoliation canopy heights (15, 25, 35 and 45 cm) and four defoliation severities (20%, 40%, 60% and 80% reduction in pre-defoliation canopy height) were evaluated. Plants were grown in 0.15 m3 wooden boxes filled with sand/vermiculite substrate (1:1 v/v) and irrigated with a complete nutrient solution. An artificial shade structure was made with wooden slats, reducing light intensity by 50% for shaded plants.
Key results: Herbage accumulation decreased by 54% in shaded plants compared with those under full sun. Regardless of the light environment, the lowest crude protein content (<150 g/kg dry matter) and the highest neutral detergent fibre content (>650 g/kg dry matter) were observed when the defoliation target height was >35 cm. Both shaded and full sun environments showed decreases in tiller density when defoliation severity was >60% of pre-defoliation canopy heights.
Conclusions: Pre-defoliation canopy heights >35 cm and defoliation severity >60% of pre-defoliation canopy height should be avoided when managing A. catharinensis, regardless of the light environment.
Implications: Recommended targets may be easily implemented by livestock producers and are similar for full sun and shade environments.
Keywords: Axonopus catharinensis Valls, canopy height, defoliation severity, defoliation target, herbage accumulation, integrated crop-livestock systems, tiller density.
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