Method for estimating inoculum of the soilborne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae in Australian cotton soils
S. Young
A D , K. Kirkby B , S. Roser B and S. Harden C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Texas Tech University, College of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Department of Plant & Soil Science, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
B NSW Department Primary Industries, Australian Cotton Research Institute, Locked Bag 1000, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia.
C NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, NSW 2340, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: shelby.young@fulbrightmail.org
Crop and Pasture Science 72(2) 146-154 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP20146
Submitted: 4 May 2020 Accepted: 14 December 2020 Published: 20 February 2021
Abstract
The ability to quantify inoculum levels of the soilborne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae in field soil is essential for understanding potential disease pressure of Verticillium wilt in cotton and for making informed management decisions. Several semi-selective media and techniques for pathogen isolation have been developed for determining the inoculum levels of V. dahliae present in soil. The objective of this study was to gather data on soil plating techniques, media, sampling depths, and times of sampling for the detection and quantification of V. dahliae in field soils, in order to develop a V. dahliae isolation protocol for Australian cotton-growing soils. Two soil plating techniques (dilution plating or ‘wet plating’, and direct spreading by hand or ‘dry plating’) on four semi-selective media (Sorenson’s NP-10, potato dextrose agar, and acidified versions of each) were compared for their efficacy in quantifying soil inoculum as germinated microsclerotia propagules per gram soil. Soil was sampled from three depths to examine the vertical distribution of the fungus and so determine the ideal sampling depth. Field soil sampling was conducted pre-planting and post-harvest to examine differences in inoculum with sampling time. Based on the results of this study, a soil sampling protocol has been developed for Australian cotton farms that includes sampling soil before planting, at a depth of 2–24 cm, and using the direct dry plating method on Sorenson’s NP-10 media.
Keywords: Verticillium dahliae, Verticillium wilt, soil sampling, inoculum, cotton.
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