Wild banana (genus Ensete) – an underutilised plant as source of food, fodder, fibre and medicine and need for biotechnological interventions
Vikas Naikawadi
A , Sandip Devikar B , Harshad Shirke C , Vijay Naikawadi D , Penna Suprassanna E and Tukaram Nikam *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Botany, Post-Graduate Research Center, Chandmal Tarachand Bora College, Shirur, Pune, MS 412 210, India.
B Department of Botany, Post-Graduate Research Center, AJM’s New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Parner, Ahmednagar, MS 414302, India.
C Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MS 411007, India.
D Department of Botany, Post Graduate Research Center, Ramakrishna More A.C.S College, Akurdi, Pune, MS 411004, India.
E Formerly: Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
Crop & Pasture Science 74(11) 925-943 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22079
Submitted: 2 March 2022 Accepted: 28 May 2022 Published: 28 July 2022
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Food security, integral to the UN sustainable development goals, has become a global priority. Only a handful of cultivated species meet 80% of dietary intake, and hence, in future, it may be inadequate to depend only on these crops.
Aims: Wild germplasm is endowed with desirable traits of relevance to food, health and climate resilience and, hence, there is a need to intensify efforts for bringing wild edible plants into mainstream agriculture. Wild banana (Ensete spp.) is a staple food source besides having bioactive compounds, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
Methods: Ensete species are cultivated in Asian and African countries, and its cultivation through superior clones is done through conventional methods and plant tissue culture techniques. Despite information on the ecological, social and economic features of Ensete spp., there has been no systematic assessment of their nutritional and other agronomic traits.
Key results: Herein, we provide a comprehensive account of Ensete sp. conservation, domestication, nutritional profile and medicinal importance as well as documenting the biotechnological approaches and identifying research gaps and prospects of these underutilised species.
Conclusion and implications: We believe this review could form a baseline resource to aid decision-making for improvement of the crop towards sustainable use and domestication of the species in the global context.
Keywords: cliff banana, corm and pseudostem, Ensete, ethno-medicine, orphan crop, phytosterol, staple food, underutilised crop, wild banana.
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