Field benchmarking of the critical external phosphorus requirements of pasture legumes for southern Australia
Graeme A. Sandral A , Andrew Price A , Shane M. Hildebrand A , Christopher G. Fuller A , Rebecca E. Haling B , Adam Stefanski B , Zongjian Yang B , Richard A. Culvenor B , Megan H. Ryan C D , Daniel R. Kidd
C D , Simon Diffey E , Hans Lambers D F and Richard J. Simpson B G
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
B CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
C School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
D Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
E Centre for Bioinformatics and Biometrics, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
F School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
G Corresponding author. Email: richard.simpson@csiro.au
Crop and Pasture Science 70(12) 1080-1096 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP19014
Submitted: 9 January 2019 Accepted: 2 May 2019 Published: 11 October 2019
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2019 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
In recent decades several pasture legumes have been available in southern Australia as potential alternatives to the most widely used annual pasture legume Trifolium subterraneum. Little is known about their soil phosphorus (P) requirements, but controlled environment experiments indicate that at least some may differ in their P fertiliser requirements. In this study, pasture legume varieties, including T. subterraneum as the reference species, were grown at up to four sites in any one year over a 3-year period (in total, seven site × year experiments) to measure herbage growth responses in spring to increased soil P availability. A critical soil test P concentration (corresponding to 95% maximum yield) was estimated for 15 legumes and two pasture grasses. The critical soil P requirements of most of the legumes did not differ consistently from that of T. subterraneum, indicating their soil fertility management should follow the current soil test P guidelines for temperate Australian pastures. However, the critical P requirement of Medicago sativa was higher than that of T. subterraneum, but remains ill-defined because extractable soil P concentrations in these experiments were often not high enough to permit a critical P estimate. Three forage crop legumes (Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium purpureum, Trifolium vesiculosum) and two pasture legumes (Ornithopus compressus, Ornithopus sativus) had lower critical soil test P concentrations. It may be feasible to manage pastures based on these species to a lower soil test P benchmark without compromising yield.
Additional keywords: critical soil test P, Ornithopus compressus, Ornithopus sativus, phosphorus fertiliser, serradella, subterranean clover, Trifolium subterraneum.
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