Physiological, anatomical and antioxidant responses to salinity in the Mediterranean pastoral grass plant Stipa lagascae
Raoudha Abdellaoui A E F , Fayçal Boughalleb A F , Zohra Chebil B F , Maher Mahmoudi C and Azaiez Ouled Belgacem D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Laboratoire d’Ecologie Pastorale, Institut des Régions Arides, Université de Gabès, 4119 Médenine, Tunisia.
B Faculté des Sciences de Gabès, Université de Gabès, 6029 Gabès, Tunisia.
C Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université El Manar, 1068 Tunis, Tunisia.
D International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Arabian Peninsula Regional Program, PO Box 13979, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
E Corresponding author. Email: raoudhamabdellaoui@yahoo.com
F Authors contributed equally to the work.
Crop and Pasture Science 68(9) 872-884 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP16365
Submitted: 4 October 2016 Accepted: 12 October 2017 Published: 15 November 2017
Abstract
Soil and water salinity is a major environmental problem in the dry Mediterranean regions, affecting rangeland production. This study investigated the effects of salinity on the wild perennial grass (Poaceae) species Stipa lagascae R. & Sch., a potential forage plant that could be used to rehabilitate degraded rangelands in dry areas. In a laboratory, 3-month-old S. lagascae seedlings were subjected to increasing salt treatments (0–400 mm NaCl) for 45 days. Physiological and biochemical parameters such as leaf water potential (Ψw), leaf relative water content (RWC), proline, total soluble sugars, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ contents, and catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were measured.
Total soluble sugars and proline concentrations increased and Ψw and RWC decreased with increasing salt concentrations. Lower salt concentrations induced a non-significant degradation of chlorophyll pigments. Shoot Na+ content increased with a salinity level, whereas shoot K+ and Ca2+ concentrations decreased and the K+ : Na+ ratio was lower. The salinity threshold, above which S. lagascae showed signs of damage, occurred at 300 mm. Plants have evolved reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes including catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, which provide cells with an efficient mechanism to neutralise ROS. The tolerance strategies of S. lagascae to moderate salinity seem to include osmotic adjustment through total soluble sugars and proline accumulation, and highly inducible antioxidative defence. Further investigations are necessary to study the effect of salt stress on distribution of ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl–, NO3–, SO42–) and osmotic adjustment. Photosynthesis and water-use efficiency parameters could be also useful tools.
Additional keywords: water relations, osmoticums, lipid peroxidation, ion content, antioxidant enzymes, leaf anatomy.
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