Phosphorus and potassium nutrition of cotton: interaction with sodium
Ian J. Rochester
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
CSIRO Plant Industry, Cotton Catchment Communities Cooperative Research Centre, Locked Bag 59, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. Email: ian.rochester@csiro.au
Crop and Pasture Science 61(10) 825-834 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP10043
Submitted: 5 February 2010 Accepted: 3 August 2010 Published: 14 October 2010
Abstract
Poor phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrition limits the growth and yield of many cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops in Australia. The demand for nutrients from cotton crops has risen as yields have increased over the past 40 years, and some soils have become depleted in these nutrients. Cotton is commonly grown on sodic soils that are more prone to nutritional problems. A survey of thirty-one sites over four years in northern NSW, Australia included twelve sites that had sodic topsoil. However, available soil P and K at all sites were above established critical values for cotton crops. Soil sodicity was negatively correlated with available soil P and K, and positively with soil salinity and chloride. Cotton leaf P and K concentrations at flowering were negatively correlated with leaf sodium (Na) concentration. The cotton crops growing in sodic soils produced 20% less dry matter (3 weeks before crop defoliation) and crop P and K uptake was reduced by 23% and 25%, respectively, whereas Na uptake was 107% higher. High soil sodicity also reduced the uptake of micro-nutrients. Two field experiments in adjacent sodic and non-sodic areas on one farm showed a yield response to P fertiliser application at the non-sodic site only, but where soil P availability was above the accepted critical value. Application of K fertiliser did not increase crop K uptake or yield. The lower yield and poorer growth of irrigated cotton on sodic soils was related to higher Na uptake and lower P and K uptake, possibly due to restricted root growth in sodic soils.
Additional keywords: alkaline soil, clay dispersion, flood irrigation, nutrient uptake, potassium, salinity, soil fertility.
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