Moister soils at elevated CO2 stimulate root biomass but suppress aboveground biomass production in Lolium perenne

Mark J. Hovenden; Amanda L. Sinclair; Rose E. Brinkhoff; Kate Stevenson; Zachary A. Brown; Meagan Porter; Anna Flittner; Marion Nyberg; Richard P. Rawnsley

doi:10.1071/CP22287

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Previous Next Contents Vol 75(1)

Moister soils at elevated CO₂ stimulate root biomass but suppress aboveground biomass production in Lolium perenne

Mark J. Hovenden

^A ^* , Amanda L. Sinclair ^A , Rose E. Brinkhoff

^A , Kate Stevenson ^A , Zachary A. Brown ^A , Meagan Porter ^A , Anna Flittner ^A , Marion Nyberg ^A and Richard P. Rawnsley

^B

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.

^B Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, Tas. 7320, Australia.

^* Correspondence to: Mark.Hovenden@utas.edu.au

Handling Editor: Brendan Cullen

Crop & Pasture Science 75, CP22287 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22287

Submitted: 19 August 2022 Accepted: 21 July 2023 Published: 10 August 2023

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Context

Increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO₂]) drive increases in biomass production via impacts on photosynthesis and water use. In grasslands, the scale of this stimulation is related to soil water availability. Recently, it has become clear that the way precipitation controls elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) effects on grassland biomass is strongly seasonal but no mechanism yet exists to explain these observations.

Aims

The aims of this study were to determine how seasonal water availability affects aboveground, belowground and total biomass responses of a perennial ryegrass pasture to [CO₂].

Methods

We established the TasFACE2 experiment in a well-fertilised perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) monoculture with four seasonal irrigation schedules and three [CO₂].

Key results

The total biomass production of perennial ryegrass pasture was strongly stimulated by eCO₂, but this extra biomass was preferentially allocated to belowground growth. The relationship between soil water content and aboveground biomass varied seasonally but there was a strong positive relationship between soil water content and root biomass production in all seasons.

Conclusions

Increases in soil moisture caused by eCO₂ contributed to increases in root growth, but root biomass production was also stimulated directly by eCO₂. Restriction of irrigation, therefore, suppressed the belowground response to eCO₂ and created a non-linear response of biomass to CO₂ concentration.

Implications

Antagonistic above- and belowground responses mean that the rising [CO₂] might not increase pasture production in the manner generally predicted.

Keywords: carbon dioxide, CO₂ fertilisation effect, grassland, irrigation, pasture, perennial ryegrass, root growth, soil water content.

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