Health benefits of oat (Avena sativa) and nutritional improvement through plant breeding interventions
Vinod Kumar Sood
A # § * , Sanjay Kumar Sanadya A # § * , Sawan Kumar A , Subhash Chand B and Rahul Kapoor C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062, India.
B AICRP on Forage Crops and Utilization, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India.
C Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141027, India.
* Correspondence to: vkspbg23@gmail.com, sanjaypbg94@gmail.com
# These authors contributed equally to this paper
Handling Editor: Mohd. Kamran Khan
Crop & Pasture Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22268
Submitted: 29 July 2022 Accepted: 9 November 2022 Published online: 28 November 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Since the Bronze Age, oat (Avena sativa L.) has been used mainly as an animal feed. Currently, it is in high demand for human consumption because of its nutritional properties, which improve health and wellbeing. Oat is a good source of protein, carbohydrates, lipid, minerals, vitamins and phenolic compounds. However, quality traits are usually polygenic and subjected to non-heritable factors, making quality improvement difficult. Several conventional breeding approaches such as pure line selection, pedigree selection, mutagenesis, wide crosses and polyploidy have been extensively used to develop new and improved oat varieties, commonly for forage purposes. Molecular approaches such as use of molecular markers, QTL mapping, genome-wide association studies, genetic engineering, genomic selection and speed breeding are being utilised to identify traits/genes of interest, produce plants carrying the desired agronomic and climatic resilience traits, and accelerate genetic gain. There has been minimal focus on nutrient enrichment and the development of high-quality, enriched oat genetic resources. Herein, we address and compile much-needed, up-to-date information on comparative analysis of oat nutritional and phytochemical properties with those of other cereals. We also consider the importance and involvement of conventional breeding in the modern approaches. This updated information provides guidance for oat breeders to develop nutrient-enriched varieties and points to future prospects towards oat quality improvement.
Keywords: beta glucan, breeding, crop improvement, genomics, human health, nutritional value, oat, plant genetic resources.
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