Genotypic variability and physio-morphological efficiency of buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) under moisture stress at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya (India)
Subarna Hajong A , Krishnappa Rangappa
B * , Harish Ganjalagatta Dasaiah A , Prabha Moirangthem B , Uday Sankar Saikia B , Bijoya Bhattacharjee B , Sudhir Pal Ahlawat C and Basant Kumar Kandpal B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A ICAR - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional Station, Shillong, Umiam 793103, Meghalaya, India.
B ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam 793103, Meghalaya, India.
C ICAR - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
Crop & Pasture Science 74(3) 204-218 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22062
Submitted: 7 July 2021 Accepted: 22 August 2022 Published: 13 September 2022
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Crop production in Eastern Himalaya is constrained by combined effects of soil acidity and moisture deficit during post monsoon under a changing climate.
Aim: This study aimed to identify potential buckwheat genotypes and stress mechanisms in hill environments of Meghalaya (India).
Method: Field and microcosm experiments were conducted to study field performance, genotypic variability and physio-morphological efficiency in buckwheat.
Key results: Substantial genetic variability for shoot length (30.3–110 cm), crop canopy distribution (3.0–7.5 number of primary branches), leaf area retention (15.7–60.2 cm2/two leaves), 1000 seed weight (16.2–34.7 g) and seed yield (0.088–1.31 metric tonne (MT)/ha) was observed. Mean grain yield of buckwheat genotypes was 0.446 MT/ha whereas IC13411, IC24298 and IC37305 produced significantly higher seed yield (1.31, 1.28 and 1.14 MT/ha, respectively) accounting to 1.93, 1.87 and 1.67 times higher than average yield (0.680 MT/ha). Genotypes like IC42416, EC323730 and EC218784 have lower crop yields (0.8, 1.02, 0.93 MT/ha respectively). Interestingly, few high yielders (IC13411 and IC24298) exhibited higher photosynthetic rate (46.1 and 32.3 μmol/m2.s), increased stomatal conductance (311.0 and 326.2 mmol/m2.s), leaf chlorophyll (2.47 and 2.55 mg/g fresh weight (FW)) and carotenoids (95 and 106.3 μg/g FW). Chlorophyll a and b ratio (3.3 and 3.0) and total chlorophyll to carotenoids (4.2 and 4.0) were higher in high yielders (IC13411 and IC24298) compared to other low yielders.
Conclusions: Robust root systems, stomatal structure and higher cuticle wax ideally enhanced water use efficiency (WUE) and drought tolerance in high-yielding buckwheat genotypes.
Implications: IC13411 and IC24298 are promising for enhanced productivity in the mountainous ecosystem of Meghalaya.
Keywords: acid soil, drought, hill agriculture, leaf morphology, photosynthesis, stomatal structure, root morphology, yield components.
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