Resistance and virulence variability in wheat–Zymoseptoria tritici interactions
Mojgan Mahboubi A , Reza Talebi A E , Mostafa Aghaee Sarbarzeh B , Amir Mohammad Naji C and Rahim Mehrabi![https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5098-9123](/media/client/orcid_16x16.png)
A Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
B Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organisation, Karaj, Iran.
C Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
D Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran.
E Corresponding authors. Emails: Mehrabi@iut.ac.ir; rezatalebi56@gmail.com
Crop and Pasture Science 71(7) 645-652 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP20126
Submitted: 25 April 2020 Accepted: 18 May 2020 Published: 18 June 2020
Abstract
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Zymoseptoria tritici, is an important disease of wheat worldwide. This study was performed to investigate the efficacy of Stb genes against 10 isolates of Z. tritici and to elucidate the resistance response pattern of 185 wheat genotypes to STB. The 10 isolates showed different virulence patterns on the Stb differentials. Effectiveness determination showed that most Stb genes (particularly Stb1–Stb9) were ineffective against the 10 isolates, whereas Kavkaz-K4500 (possessing Stb10, Stb12), Arina and Riband (possessing Stb15), and M3 (possessing Stb16 and Stb17) were resistant to all isolates tested. Of the 185 wheat genotypes, 72% were susceptible to all isolates, indicating that these genotypes lacked any effective resistance genes at the seedling stage against the isolates used. The remaining 51 genotypes showed specific resistance to one or more isolates, suggesting that they contain at least one effective resistance gene. Six genotypes were resistant to all isolates, indicating that they may possess broad-spectrum resistance gene(s) or a combination of diverse uncharacterised Stb genes that could be effectively used in breeding programs.
Additional keywords: aggressiveness, differential cultivars, virulence pattern.
References
Abrinbana M, Mozafari J, Shams-bakhsh M, Mehrabi R (2012) Resistance spectra of wheat genotypes and virulence patterns of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates in Iran. Euphytica 186, 75–90.| Resistance spectra of wheat genotypes and virulence patterns of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates in Iran.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Adhikari TB, Anderson JM, Goodwin SB (2003) Identification and molecular mapping of a gene in wheat conferring resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola. Phytopathology 93, 1158–1164.
| Identification and molecular mapping of a gene in wheat conferring resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18944101PubMed |
Adhikari TB, Cavaletto JR, Dubcovsky J, Gieco JO, Schlatter AR, Goodwin SB (2004a) Molecular mapping of the Stb4 gene for resistance to Septoria tritici blotch in wheat. Phytopathology 94, 1198–1206.
| Molecular mapping of the Stb4 gene for resistance to Septoria tritici blotch in wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18944455PubMed |
Adhikari TB, Wallwork H, Goodwin SB (2004b) Microsatellite markers linked to the Stb2 and Stb3 genes for resistance to Septoria tritici blotch in wheat. Crop Science 44, 1403–1411.
| Microsatellite markers linked to the Stb2 and Stb3 genes for resistance to Septoria tritici blotch in wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Arraiano LS, Brown JKM (2006) Identification of isolate-specific and partial resistance to septoria tritici blotch in 238 European wheat cultivars and breeding lines. Plant Pathology 55, 726–738.
| Identification of isolate-specific and partial resistance to septoria tritici blotch in 238 European wheat cultivars and breeding lines.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Arraiano LS, Worland AJ, Ellerbrook C, Brown JKM (2001) Chromosomal location of a gene for resistance to septoria tritici blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) in the hexaploid wheat ‘Synthetic 6x’. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 103, 758–764.
| Chromosomal location of a gene for resistance to septoria tritici blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) in the hexaploid wheat ‘Synthetic 6x’.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Arraiano LS, Chartrain L, Bossolini E, Slatter HN, Keller B, Brown JKM (2007) A gene in European wheat cultivars for resistance to an African isolate of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Plant Pathology 56, 73–78.
| A gene in European wheat cultivars for resistance to an African isolate of Mycosphaerella graminicola.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Brading PA, Verstappen ECP, Kema GHJ, Brown JKM (2002) A gene-for-gene relationship between wheat and Mycosphaerella graminicola, the Septoria tritici blotch pathogen. Phytopathology 92, 439–445.
| A gene-for-gene relationship between wheat and Mycosphaerella graminicola, the Septoria tritici blotch pathogen.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18942957PubMed |
Brown JKM, Kema GHJ, Forrer HR, Verstappen ECP, Arraiano LS, Brading PA, Foster EM, Fried PM, Jenny E (2001) Resistance of wheat cultivars and breeding lines to septoria tritici blotch caused by isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola in field trials. Plant Pathology 50, 325–338.
| Resistance of wheat cultivars and breeding lines to septoria tritici blotch caused by isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola in field trials.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Brown JK, Chartrain L, Lasserre-Zuber P, Saintenac C (2015) Genetics of resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici and applications to wheat breeding. Fungal Genetics and Biology 79, 33–41.
| Genetics of resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici and applications to wheat breeding.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26092788PubMed |
Chartrain L, Berry ST, Brown JKM (2005a) Resistance of wheat line Kavkaz-K4500 L.6.A.4 to Septoria tritici blotch controlled by isolate-specific resistance genes. Phytopathology 95, 664–671.
| Resistance of wheat line Kavkaz-K4500 L.6.A.4 to Septoria tritici blotch controlled by isolate-specific resistance genes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18943783PubMed |
Chartrain L, Joaquim P, Berry S-T, Arraiano L-S, Azanza F, Brown J-K-M (2005b) Genetics of resistance to septoria tritici blotch in the Portuguese wheat breeding line TE 9111. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 110, 1138–1144.
| Genetics of resistance to septoria tritici blotch in the Portuguese wheat breeding line TE 9111.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15759105PubMed |
Chartrain L, Sourille P, Bernard M, Brown JKM (2009) Identification and location of Stb9, a gene for resistance to septoria tritici blotch in wheat cultivars Courtot and Tonic. Plant Pathology 58, 547–555.
| Identification and location of Stb9, a gene for resistance to septoria tritici blotch in wheat cultivars Courtot and Tonic.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cowger C, Hoffer ME, Mundt CC (2000) Specific adaptation by Mycosphaerella graminicola to a resistant wheat cultivar. Plant Pathology 49, 445–451.
| Specific adaptation by Mycosphaerella graminicola to a resistant wheat cultivar.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cowling SG (2006) Identification and mapping of host resistance genes to Septoria tritici blotch of wheat. PhD Thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Hosseinnezhad A, Khodarahmi M, Rezaee S, Mehrabi R, Roohparvar R (2014) Effectiveness determination of wheat genotypes and Stb resistance genes against Iranian Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates. Archiv für Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz 47, 2051–2069.
| Effectiveness determination of wheat genotypes and Stb resistance genes against Iranian Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jackson LF, Dubcovsky J, Gallagher LW, Wennig RL, Heaton RL, Vogt RL, Gibbs LK, Kirby D, Canevari M, Carlson H, Kearney T, Marsh B, Munier D, Mutters C, Orloff S, Schmierer J, Vargas R, Williams J, Wright S (2000) Regional barley and common and durum wheat performance tests in California. Agronomy Progress Report 272, 1–56.
Kema GHJ, Van Silfhout CH (1997) Genetic variation for virulence and resistance in the wheat-Mycosphaerella graminicola pathosystem. III. Comparative seedling and adult plant experiments. Phytopathology 87, 266–272.
| Genetic variation for virulence and resistance in the wheat-Mycosphaerella graminicola pathosystem. III. Comparative seedling and adult plant experiments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kema GHJ, Annone JG, Sayoud R, Van Silfhout CH, Van Ginkel M, De Bree J (1996) Genetic variation for virulence and resistance in the wheat-Mycosphaerella graminicola pathosystem. I. Interactions between pathogen isolates and host cultivars. Phytopathology 86, 200–212.
| Genetic variation for virulence and resistance in the wheat-Mycosphaerella graminicola pathosystem. I. Interactions between pathogen isolates and host cultivars.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kema GH, Gohari AM, Aouini L, Gibriel HA, Ware SB, van Den Bosch F, Manning-Smith R, Alonso-Chavez V, Helps J, M’Barek SB, Mehrabi R, Diaz-Trujillo C, Zamani E, Schouten HJ, van der Lee TAJ, Waalwijk C, de Waard MA, de Wit PJGM, Verstappen ECP, Thomma BPHJ, Meijer HJG, Seidl MF (2018) Stress and sexual reproduction affect the dynamics of the wheat pathogen effector AvrStb6 and strobilurin resistance. Nature Genetics 50, 375–380.
| Stress and sexual reproduction affect the dynamics of the wheat pathogen effector AvrStb6 and strobilurin resistance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29434356PubMed |
Krenz J, Sackett K, Mundt C (2008) Specificity of incomplete resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola in wheat. Phytopathology 98, 555–561.
| Specificity of incomplete resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola in wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18943223PubMed |
Makhdoomi A, Mehrabi R, Khodarahmi M, Abrinbana M (2015) Efficacy of wheat genotypes and Stb resistance genes against Iranian isolates of Zymoseptoria tritici. Journal of General Plant Pathology 81, 5–14.
| Efficacy of wheat genotypes and Stb resistance genes against Iranian isolates of Zymoseptoria tritici.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McCartney CA, Brule-Babel AL, Lamari L, Somers DJ (2003) Chromosomal location of a race-specific resistance gene to Mycosphaerella graminicola in the spring wheat ST6. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 107, 1181–1186.
| Chromosomal location of a race-specific resistance gene to Mycosphaerella graminicola in the spring wheat ST6.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12898022PubMed |
Mehrabi R, van der Lee T, Waalwijk C, Kema GHJ (2006) MgSlt2, a cellular integrity MAP kinase gene of the fungal wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola, is dispensable for penetration but essential for invasive growth. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 19, 389–398.
| MgSlt2, a cellular integrity MAP kinase gene of the fungal wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola, is dispensable for penetration but essential for invasive growth.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16610742PubMed |
Mehrabi R, Makhdoomi A, Jafar‐Aghaie M (2015) Identification of new sources of resistance to septoria tritici blotch caused by Zymoseptoria tritici. Journal of Phytopathology 163, 84–90.
| Identification of new sources of resistance to septoria tritici blotch caused by Zymoseptoria tritici.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Saintenac C, Lee W, Cambon F, Lee W-S, Cambon F, Rudd JJ, King RC, Marande W, Powers SJ, Bergès H, Phillips AL, Uauy C, Hammond-Kosack KE, Langin T, Kanyuka K (2018) Wheat receptor-kinase-like protein Stb6 controls gene-for-gene resistance to fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. Nature Genetics 50, 368–374.
| Wheat receptor-kinase-like protein Stb6 controls gene-for-gene resistance to fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29434355PubMed |
Tabib Ghaffary SM, Robert O, Laurent V, Lonnet P, Margalé E, van der Lee TAJ, Visser RGF, Kema GHJ (2011) Genetic analysis of resistance to septoria tritici blotch in the French winter wheat cultivars Balance and Apache. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 123, 741–754.
| Genetic analysis of resistance to septoria tritici blotch in the French winter wheat cultivars Balance and Apache.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tabib Ghaffary SM, Faris JD, Friesen TL, Visser RG, van der Lee TA, Robert O, Kema GH (2012) New broad-spectrum resistance to septoria tritici blotch derived from synthetic hexaploid wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 124, 125–142.
| New broad-spectrum resistance to septoria tritici blotch derived from synthetic hexaploid wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21912855PubMed |
Torriani SF, Brunner PC, McDonald BA, Sierotzki H (2009) QoI resistance emerged independently at least 4 times in European populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Pest Management Science 65, 155–162.
| QoI resistance emerged independently at least 4 times in European populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18833571PubMed |
Yang N, McDonald MC, Solomon PS, Milgate AW (2018) Genetic mapping of Stb19, a new resistance gene to Zymoseptoria tritici in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 131, 2765–2773.
| Genetic mapping of Stb19, a new resistance gene to Zymoseptoria tritici in wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30238255PubMed |