Response of wheat to post-anthesis water stress, and the nature of gene action as revealed by combining ability analysis
Md Sultan Mia A B , Hui Liu A , Xingyi Wang A , Zhanyuan Lu C D and Guijun Yan A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
B Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.
C Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 22 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Huhehot 010031, China.
D Corresponding authors. Emails: guijun.yan@uwa.edu.au; lzhy281@163.com
Crop and Pasture Science 68(6) 534-543 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP17112
Submitted: 9 March 2017 Accepted: 13 July 2017 Published: 26 July 2017
Abstract
Post-anthesis water stress is a major limitation to wheat grain yield globally. Understanding the nature of gene action of yield related traits under post-anthesis water stress will help to breed stress-resilient genotypes. Four bread wheat genotypes having varying degree of drought tolerance were crossed in a full-diallel fashion and the resultant crosses along with the parental genotypes, were subjected to water stress after the onset of anthesis in order to investigate their comparative performance and nature of gene action. Parental genotypes Babax (B) and Westonia (W) performed better compared with C306 (C) and Dharwar Dry (D) with respect to relative reduction in grain yield and related traits under stressed condition. Direct cross B × D and reciprocal cross W × C were more tolerant to water stress, while cross between C306 and Dharwar Dry, either direct or reciprocal, produced more sensitive genotypes. Combining ability analysis revealed that both additive and non-additive gene action were involved in governing the inheritance of the studied traits, with predominance of non-additive gene action for most of the traits. Among the parents, Babax and Westonia were better combiners for grain yield under stress condition. B × D in stressed condition, and C × W in both stressed and stress-free conditions, were the most suitable specific crosses. Moreover, specificity of parental genotypes as female parents in cross combination was also evident from the significant reciprocal combining ability effects of certain traits. Low to medium narrow sense heritability and high broad sense heritability were observed for most of the studied traits in both well watered and water stress conditions. The results of the study suggested that specific cross combinations with high specific combining ability involving better performing parents with high general combining ability may generate hybrids as well as segregating populations suitable for further breeding programs.
Additional keywords: combining ability, diallel cross, gene action, water stress, wheat.
References
Abid M, Tian Z, Ata-Ul-Karim ST, Wang F, Liu Y, Zahoor R, Jiang D, Dai T (2016) Adaptation to and recovery from drought stress at vegetative stages in wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars. Functional Plant Biology 43, 1159–1169.| Adaptation to and recovery from drought stress at vegetative stages in wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhvVGqsLbN&md5=c674dd4472ce0ea06b211177ac5e6531CAS |
Amegbor IK, Badu-Apraku B, Annor B (2017) Combining ability and heterotic patterns of extra-early maturing white maize inbreds with genes from Zea diploperennis under multiple environments. Euphytica 213, 24
Araus JL, Slafer GA, Royo C, Serret MD (2008) Breeding for yield potential and stress adaptation in cereals. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 27, 377–412.
| Breeding for yield potential and stress adaptation in cereals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Australian Grains Report (2009) Publication of the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics. Available at: www.abare.gov.au/publications_html/catalog/catalog.html (accessed 19 September 2016).
Ayalew H, Liu H, Yan GJ (2016) Quantitative analysis of gene actions controlling root length under water stress in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Crop & Pasture Science 67, 489–494.
| Quantitative analysis of gene actions controlling root length under water stress in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Baker RJ (1978) Issues in diallel analysis. Crop Science 18, 533–536.
| Issues in diallel analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Balouchi HR (2010) Screening wheat parents of mapping population for heat and drought tolerance, detection of wheat genetic variation. International Journal of Biological Sciences 6, 56–66.
Blum A, Pnuel Y (1990) Physiological attributes associated with drought resistance of wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean environment. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41, 799–810.
| Physiological attributes associated with drought resistance of wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean environment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Celliers PR, Labuschagne MT, Van Deventer CS (1999) Combining ability effects of some spring wheat cultivars at two different temperature levels. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 16, 15–17.
| Combining ability effects of some spring wheat cultivars at two different temperature levels.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chen ZG, Shabala S, Mendham N, Newman I, Zhang GP, Zhou MX (2008) Combining ability of salinity tolerance on the basis of NaCl-induced K+ flux from roots of barley. Crop Science 48, 1382–1388.
| Combining ability of salinity tolerance on the basis of NaCl-induced K+ flux from roots of barley.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpslWqu7Y%3D&md5=5029df320c33232103845d25d68de1bcCAS |
Chenu K, Cooper M, Hammer GL, Mathews KL, Dreccer MF, Chapman SC (2011) Environment characterization as an aid to wheat improvement: interpreting genotype–environment interactions by modelling water-deficit patterns in North-Eastern Australia. Journal of Experimental Botany 62, 1743–1755.
| Environment characterization as an aid to wheat improvement: interpreting genotype–environment interactions by modelling water-deficit patterns in North-Eastern Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjsFyis7w%3D&md5=c065f7f962eccd29d57dfee5eba0efe6CAS |
Comas LH, Becker SR, Cruz VM, Byrne PF, Dierig DA (2013) Root traits contributing to plant productivity under drought. Frontiers in Plant Science 4, 442
| Root traits contributing to plant productivity under drought.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Conocono EA (2002) ‘Improving yield of wheat experiencing post-anthesis water deficits through the use of shoot carbohydrate reserves.’ (University of Western Australia)
Danehloueipour N, Yan G, Clarke HJ, Siddique KHM (2007) Diallel analyses reveal the genetic control of resistance to ascochyta blight in diverse chickpea and wild Cicer species. Euphytica 154, 195–205.
| Diallel analyses reveal the genetic control of resistance to ascochyta blight in diverse chickpea and wild Cicer species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhs1Ckt70%3D&md5=6b641964dbdb553bfa768039989c9c65CAS |
de Oliveira ED, Bramley H, Siddique KHM, Henty S, Berger J, Palta JA (2013) Can elevated CO2 combined with high temperature ameliorate the effect of terminal drought in wheat? Functional Plant Biology 40, 160–171.
| Can elevated CO2 combined with high temperature ameliorate the effect of terminal drought in wheat?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dhanda SS, Sethi GS, Behl RK (2004) Indices of drought tolerance in wheat genotypes at early stages of plant growth. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 190, 6–12.
Dolferus R, Ji X, Richards RA (2011) Abiotic stress and control of grain number in cereals. Plant Science 181, 331–341.
| Abiotic stress and control of grain number in cereals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFaru7vN&md5=3ccb4c88ad8a5a2ba175f809f7e9720cCAS |
El-Maghraby MA, Moussa ME, Hana NS, Agrama HA (2005) Combining ability under drought stress relative to SSR diversity in common wheat. Euphytica 141, 301–308.
| Combining ability under drought stress relative to SSR diversity in common wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjvVantb0%3D&md5=47c69dffadce57ba735c99984fdff746CAS |
Elhani S, Martos V, Rharrabti Y, Royo C, del Moral LFG (2007) Contribution of main stem and tillers to durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grain yield and its components grown in Mediterranean environments. Field Crops Research 103, 25–35.
| Contribution of main stem and tillers to durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grain yield and its components grown in Mediterranean environments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fakthongphan J, Graybosch RA, Baenziger PS (2016) Combining ability for tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop Science 56, 1025–1035.
| Combining ability for tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXmtVOgur4%3D&md5=2f7484cb3547bd429550ebd27e32ccc9CAS |
Fan XM, Chen HM, Tan J, Xu CX, Zhang YD, Luo LM, Huang YX, Kang MS (2008) Combining abilities for yield and yield components in maize. Maydica 53, 39–46.
Fan XM, Zhang YD, Yao WH, Bi YQ, Liu L, Chen HM, Kang MS (2014) Reciprocal diallel crosses impact combining ability, variance estimation, and heterotic group classification. Crop Science 54, 89–97.
Fang X, Turner NC, Yan G, Li F, Siddique KH (2010) Flower numbers, pod production, pollen viability, and pistil function are reduced and flower and pod abortion increased in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under terminal drought. Journal of Experimental Botany 61, 335–345.
| Flower numbers, pod production, pollen viability, and pistil function are reduced and flower and pod abortion increased in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under terminal drought.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXktlGltQ%3D%3D&md5=aa6ffb07ca939f07b14b27beab94facdCAS |
FAO (2016) FAO Cereal Supply and Demand Brief. Available at: www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/ (accessed 8 December 2016).
Farshadfar E, Rasoli V, da Silva JAT, Farshadfar M (2011) Inheritance of drought tolerance indicators in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a diallel technique. Australian Journal of Crop Science 5, 870–878.
Gardner CO, Eberhart AS (1966) Analysis and interpretation of the variety cross diallel and related populations. Biometrics 22, 439–452.
| Analysis and interpretation of the variety cross diallel and related populations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaF2s7nvVKkug%3D%3D&md5=fd12182a79dac8e4c2339d1d46d5d38eCAS |
Griffing B (1956) Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 9, 463–493.
| Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hayman BI (1954) The analysis of variance of diallel tables. Biometrics 10, 235–244.
| The analysis of variance of diallel tables.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hei N, Hussein S, Laing M (2016) Heterosis and combining ability analysis of slow rusting stem rust resistance and yield and related traits in bread wheat. Euphytica 207, 501–514.
| Heterosis and combining ability analysis of slow rusting stem rust resistance and yield and related traits in bread wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Inoue T, Inanaga S, Sugimoto Y, An P, Eneji AE (2004) Effect of drought on ear and flag leaf photosynthesis of two wheat cultivars differing in drought resistance. Photosynthetica 42, 559–565.
| Effect of drought on ear and flag leaf photosynthesis of two wheat cultivars differing in drought resistance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Iqbal M, Navabi A, Salmon DF, Yang RC, Murdoch BM, Moore SS, Spaner D (2007) Genetic analysis of flowering and maturity time in high latitude spring wheat. Euphytica 154, 207–218.
| Genetic analysis of flowering and maturity time in high latitude spring wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhs1Ckt74%3D&md5=7e3d56a1a19961fc5c2d24c9d0132b79CAS |
Ji X, Shiran B, Wan J, Lewis DC, Jenkins CL, Condon AG, Richards RA, Dolferus R (2010) Importance of pre-anthesis anther sink strength for maintenance of grain number during reproductive stage water stress in wheat. Plant, Cell & Environment 33, 926–942.
| Importance of pre-anthesis anther sink strength for maintenance of grain number during reproductive stage water stress in wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnvVagsb4%3D&md5=105604b6aa3b172f6f9cd0a5be0f5e38CAS |
Jinks JL (1954) The analysis of continuous variation in a diallel cross of Nicotiana rustica varieties. Genetics 39, 767–788.
Joshi SK, Sharma SN, Singhania DL, Sain RS (2004) Combining ability in the F1 and F2 generations of diallel cross in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). Hereditas 141, 115–121.
| Combining ability in the F1 and F2 generations of diallel cross in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M%2FjsVCqsw%3D%3D&md5=328fa84da15152bce85a6ed1ea1e9683CAS |
Kadam S, Singh K, Shukla S, Goel S, Vikram P, Pawar V, Gaikwad K, Khanna-Chopra R, Singh N (2012) Genomic associations for drought tolerance on the short arm of wheat chromosome 4B. Functional & Integrative Genomics 12, 447–464.
| Genomic associations for drought tolerance on the short arm of wheat chromosome 4B.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1OmtbfO&md5=1e40e818e55d0601f9ba39703cb0f97fCAS |
Kirigwi FM, Van Ginkel M, Brown-Guedira G, Gill BS, Paulsen GM, Fritz AK (2007) Markers associated with a QTL for grain yield in wheat under drought. Molecular Breeding 20, 401–413.
| Markers associated with a QTL for grain yield in wheat under drought.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtV2msb7P&md5=d8a0fea84199e69567b51d7038110793CAS |
Kobata T, Palta JA, Turner NC (1992) Rate of development of post-anthesis water deficits and grain filling of spring wheat. Crop Science 32, 1238–1242.
| Rate of development of post-anthesis water deficits and grain filling of spring wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Krystkowiak K, Adamski T, Surma M, Kaczmarek Z (2009) Relationship between phenotypic and genetic diversity of parental genotypes and the specific combining ability and heterosis effects in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Euphytica 165, 419–434.
| Relationship between phenotypic and genetic diversity of parental genotypes and the specific combining ability and heterosis effects in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lopes MS, Reynolds MP, McIntyre CL, Mathews KL, Kamali MRJ, Mossad M, Feltaous Y, Tahir ISA, Chatrath R, Ogbonnaya F (2013) QTL for yield and associated traits in the Seri/Babax population grown across several environments in Mexico, in the West Asia, North Africa, and South Asia regions. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126, 971–984.
| QTL for yield and associated traits in the Seri/Babax population grown across several environments in Mexico, in the West Asia, North Africa, and South Asia regions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Loss SP, Siddique KHM (1994) Morphological and physiological traits associated with wheat yield increases in Mediterranean environments. Advances in Agronomy 52, 229–276.
| Morphological and physiological traits associated with wheat yield increases in Mediterranean environments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXksFertrs%3D&md5=fc044232cbc4f1da64d43265115e5112CAS |
Madić M, Djurović D, Knezevic D, Paunović A, Tanasković S (2014) Combining abilities for spike traits in a diallel cross of barley. Journal of Central European Agriculture 15, 108–116.
| Combining abilities for spike traits in a diallel cross of barley.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mather K, Jinks JL (1982) ‘Biometrical genetics: the study of continuous variation.’ (Chapman and Hall: London)
Mitchell JH, Rebetzke GJ, Chapman SC, Fukai S (2013) Evaluation of reduced-tillering (tin) wheat lines in managed, terminal water deficit environments. Journal of Experimental Botany 64, 3439–3451.
| Evaluation of reduced-tillering (tin) wheat lines in managed, terminal water deficit environments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXht1CktLzO&md5=afb29559ec7ebfc57bdaaf097d1255a5CAS |
Mohammed R, Are AK, Bhavanasi R, Munghate RS, Kavi Kishor PB, Sharma HC (2015) Quantitative genetic analysis of agronomic and morphological traits in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor. Frontiers in Plant Science 6, 945
| Quantitative genetic analysis of agronomic and morphological traits in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mohammed R, Are AK, Munghate RS, Bhavanasi R, Polavarapu KK, Sharma HC (2016) Inheritance of resistance to sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Frontiers in Plant Science 7, 543
| Inheritance of resistance to sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Olivares-Villegas JJ, Reynolds MP, McDonald GK (2007) Drought-adaptive attributes in the Seri/Babax hexaploid wheat population. Functional Plant Biology 34, 189–203.
| Drought-adaptive attributes in the Seri/Babax hexaploid wheat population.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Onyemaobi I, Liu H, Siddique KHM, Yan G (2017) Both male and female malfunction contributes to yield reduction under water stress during meiosis in bread wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science 7, art. 2017
| Both male and female malfunction contributes to yield reduction under water stress during meiosis in bread wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Passioura JB (2010) Scaling up: the essence of effective agricultural research. Functional Plant Biology 37, 585–591.
| Scaling up: the essence of effective agricultural research.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pfeiffer WH, Trethowan RM, Ginkel MV, Ortiz-Monasterio I, Rajaram S (2005) Breeding for abiotic stress tolerance in wheat. In ‘Abiotic stresses: plant resistance through breeding and molecular approaches’. (Eds M Ashraf, PJC Harris) pp. 401–489. (The Haworth Press: New York, USA)
Pinto RS, Reynolds MP, Mathews KL, McIntyre CL, Olivares-Villegas JJ, Chapman SC (2010) Heat and drought adaptive QTL in a wheat population designed to minimize confounding agronomic effects. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 121, 1001–1021.
| Heat and drought adaptive QTL in a wheat population designed to minimize confounding agronomic effects.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pradhan GP, Prasad PVV, Fritz AK, Kirkham MB, Gill BS (2012) Effects of drought and high temperature stress on synthetic hexaploid wheat. Functional Plant Biology 39, 190–198.
| Effects of drought and high temperature stress on synthetic hexaploid wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rajala A, Hakala K, Makela P, Muurinen S, Peltonen-Sainio P (2009) Spring wheat response to timing of water deficit through sink and grain filling capacity. Field Crops Research 114, 263–271.
| Spring wheat response to timing of water deficit through sink and grain filling capacity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rajaram S (2001) Prospects and promise of wheat breeding in the 21st century. In ‘Wheat in a global environment’. pp. 37–52. (Springer)
Shahbazi H, Bihamta MR, Taeb M, Darvish F (2012) Germination characters of wheat under osmotic stress: heritability and relation with drought tolerance. International Journal of Agriculture: Research and Review 2, 689–698.
Shi J, Li R, Qiu D, Jiang C, Long Y, Morgan C, Bancroft I, Zhao J, Meng J (2009) Unraveling the complex trait of crop yield with quantitative trait loci mapping in Brassica napus. Genetics 182, 851–861.
| Unraveling the complex trait of crop yield with quantitative trait loci mapping in Brassica napus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVSqt7jO&md5=a3cd9215c09dd9dc06f68be6ecf18436CAS |
Simmonds NW, Smartt J (Ed.) (1999) ‘Principles of crop improvement.’ (Wiley-Blackwell Science: Oxford; Malden, MA, USA)
Tigkas D, Tsakiris G (2015) Early estimation of drought impacts on rainfed wheat yield in Mediterranean climate. Environmental Processes 2, 97–114.
| Early estimation of drought impacts on rainfed wheat yield in Mediterranean climate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xht1Gjt7nP&md5=50745511341c008a4833166ffc31e8baCAS |
Turner NC, Asseng S (2005) Productivity, sustainability, and rainfall-use efficiency in Australian rainfed Mediterranean agricultural systems. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, 1123–1136.
| Productivity, sustainability, and rainfall-use efficiency in Australian rainfed Mediterranean agricultural systems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wheeler T, von Braun J (2013) Climate change impacts on global food security. Science 341, 508–513.
| Climate change impacts on global food security.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFyjsrrM&md5=9ad2ec97643d740df39ab53e118b3d63CAS |
Wray NR, Visscher PM (2008) Estimating trait heritability. Nature Education 1, 29
Yao WH, Zhang YD, Kang MS, Chen HM, Liu L, Yu LJ, Fan XM (2013) Diallel analysis models: A comparison of certain genetic statistics. Crop Science 53, 1481
Yang J, Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhu Q, Wang W (2001) Hormonal changes in the grains of rice subjected to water stress during grain filling. Plant Physiology 127, 315–323.
| Hormonal changes in the grains of rice subjected to water stress during grain filling.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmvFCrtb8%3D&md5=a37bd3883c260d1c28dbad6018444958CAS |
Yaseen M, Eskridge KM (2009) DiallelAnalysisR: Diallel Analysis with R. version 0.1.1. Available at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DiallelAnalysisR/index.html
Yildirim M, Kiliç H, Kendal E, Karahan T (2010) Applicability of chlorophyll meter readings as yield predictor in durum wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition 34, 151–164.
| Applicability of chlorophyll meter readings as yield predictor in durum wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zadoks JC, Chang TT, Konzak CF (1974) A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research 14, 415–421.
| A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang B, Li W, Chang X, Li R, Jing R (2014) Effects of favorable alleles for water-soluble carbohydrates at grain filling on grain weight under drought and heat stresses in wheat. PLoS One 9, e102917
Zhang Q, Gao YJ, Yang SH, Ragab RA, Maroof MA, Li ZB (1994) A diallel analysis of heterosis in elite hybrid rice based on RFLPs and microsatellites. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 89, 185–192.
Zhou MX, Li HB, Mendham NJ (2007) Combining ability of waterlogging tolerance in barley. Crop Science 47, 278–284.
| Combining ability of waterlogging tolerance in barley.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
