A functional leaf may represent the assimilate accumulation characteristics of the whole seedling plant in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)
Xinghua Li A , Tewu Yang A D , Zhongnan Nie B C , Guoxing Chen A , Liyong Hu A and Rui Wang A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
B Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Private Bag 105, Hamilton, Vic. 3300, Australia.
C College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
D Corresponding author. Email: yangtewu@mail.hzau.edu.cn
Crop and Pasture Science 66(8) 849-856 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP14224
Submitted: 8 August 2014 Accepted: 12 March 2015 Published: 24 July 2015
Abstract
A single functional leaf is usually sampled to evaluate the growth and photosynthetic assimilation of crops. However, there is large variation between leaves in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) at seedling stage. In this study, the morphological and physiological characteristics of various functional leaves were compared with characteristics of the whole plant at seedling stage for 2 years by using the oilseed rape cultivars Huaza 9 and Huaza 62 as plant material. The aim of this study was to identify a leaf that can represent the whole plant for assimilate accumulation characteristics at the seedling stage of the crop. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate and the contents of non-structural carbohydrates, nutrients and soluble proteins in fourth and fifth leaf of a plant were most closely related to those of the whole plant. The area and dry matter (DM) of all functional leaves were well correlated with those of whole plant, with the fifth leaf having the highest correlations. It is therefore recommended that the fifth leaf is most suitable to represent the whole plant for evaluation of growth and assimilate accumulation for winter oilseed rape at the seedling stage. The following regression equations for whole plant (y) and fifth leaf (x, dry matter or length × width) can be used to predict (1) DM accumulation (g) and (2) total leaf area (cm2) of the whole plant: (1) y = 3.32x + 1.51 (R2 = 0.88, P < 0.001); (2) y = 1.24x + 222.69 (R2 = 0.67, P < 0.001).
Additional keywords: dry matter, functional leaf, oilseed rape, physiological characteristics, seedling.
References
Ahmad A, Abdin MZ (2000) Photosynthesis and its related physiological variables in the leaves of Brassica genotypes as influenced by sulphur fertilization. Physiologia Plantarum 110, 144–149.| Photosynthesis and its related physiological variables in the leaves of Brassica genotypes as influenced by sulphur fertilization.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXms1Gjsrw%3D&md5=286450070d35986c054865fa069d48ecCAS |
Blake-Kalff MMA, Harrison KR, Hawkesford MJ, Zhao FJJ, McGrath SP (1998) Distribution of sulfur within oilseed rape leaves in response to sulfur deficiency during vegetative growth. Plant Physiology 118, 1337–1344.
| Distribution of sulfur within oilseed rape leaves in response to sulfur deficiency during vegetative growth.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXht1c%3D&md5=43581f55d5de63c9394f75cf6136170dCAS |
Cao LQ, Wu XM, Yang R, Tian YY, Chen XN, Chen BY, Li YJ, Gao YJ (2012) Differences of nitrogen status between different N uptake efficiency rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Acta Agronomica Sinica 38, 887–895.
| Differences of nitrogen status between different N uptake efficiency rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1Cqur3J&md5=f726aa8af66914f1faab6e826ee881b7CAS | [in Chinese]
Chapman JF, Daniels RW, Scarisbrick DH (1984) Field studies on 14C assimilate fixation and movement in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The Journal of Agricultural Science 102, 23–31.
| Field studies on 14C assimilate fixation and movement in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chongo G, McVetty PBE (2001) Relationship of physiological characters to yield parameters in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, 1–6.
| Relationship of physiological characters to yield parameters in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cowley RB, Luckett DJ, Moroni JS, Diffey S (2014) Use of remote sensing to determine the relationship of early vigour to grain yield in canola (Brassica napus L.) germplasm. Crop & Pasture Science 65, 1288–1299.
Diepenbrock W (2000) Yield analysis of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): a review. Field Crops Research 67, 35–49.
| Yield analysis of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Evans JR (1989) Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants. Oecologia 78, 9–19.
| Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gammelvind LH, Schjoerring JK, Mogensen VO, Jensen CR, Bock JGH (1996) Photosynthesis in leaves and siliques of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Plant and Soil 186, 227–236.
| Photosynthesis in leaves and siliques of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXntVSmsg%3D%3D&md5=4321e75dbfea683d40f9cb7436b73a01CAS |
Harada T, Ishizawa K (2003) Starch degradation and sucrose metabolism during anaerobic growth of pondweed (Potamogeton disinctus A. Benn.) turions. Plant and Soil 253, 125–135.
| Starch degradation and sucrose metabolism during anaerobic growth of pondweed (Potamogeton disinctus A. Benn.) turions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltVemsLg%3D&md5=9b512ab5a4b3c35845ee8e048d33dc1dCAS |
Jiang LG, Cao WX, Jiang D, Dai TB, Dong DF, Gan XQ, Wei SQ, Xu JY (2004) Distribution of leaf nitrogen, amino acids and chlorophyll in leaves of different positions and relationship with nitrogen nutrition diagnosis in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica 30, 745–750. [in Chinese]
Kirkegaard JA, Hocking PJ, Angus JF, Howe GN, Gardner PA (1997) Comparison of canola, Indian mustard and Linola in two contrasting environments. II. Break-crop and nitrogen effects on subsequent wheat crops. Field Crops Research 52, 179–191.
| Comparison of canola, Indian mustard and Linola in two contrasting environments. II. Break-crop and nitrogen effects on subsequent wheat crops.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Leng SH, Yang G, Chen XL, Shao JS, Shi MD (2001) The difference of N content among leaves during seedling stage in Brassica napus L. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences 23, 38–43. [in Chinese]
Li F, Zhang CL, Li GM (2005) Study on the effects of agronomic practice on biological characteristics before winter and yield of direct-seeding rape. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences 27, 40–45. [in Chinese]
Li LT, Liu B, Lu JW, Ren T, Li XK, Cong RH, Wu LS, Lin D (2014) Spatial distribution of SPAD value and determination of the suitable leaf for N diagnosis in winter rapeseed. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences 36, 76–83.
| Spatial distribution of SPAD value and determination of the suitable leaf for N diagnosis in winter rapeseed.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | [in Chinese]
Liao GP, Guan CY (2002) Study on characteristics of dry matter accumulation, distribution and transfer of winter rapeseed. Acta Agronomica Sinica 26, 52–58. [in Chinese]
Liu X, Lu J, Li X, Bu R, Liu B, Ci D (2011) Dry matter accumulation and N, P, K absorption and utilization in direct seeding winter oilseed (Brassica napus L.). Scientia Agricultura Sinica 44, 4823–4832. [in Chinese]
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 193, 265–275.
Major DJ, Bole JB, Charnetski WA (1978) Distribution of photosynthates after 14CO2 assimilation by stems, leaves, and pods of rape plants. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 58, 783–787.
| Distribution of photosynthates after 14CO2 assimilation by stems, leaves, and pods of rape plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXlvFCisrs%3D&md5=1c94070d56843c93ad3c6acde7981036CAS |
Malagoli P, Lainé P, Deunff EL, Rossato L, Ney B, Ourry A (2004) Modeling nitrogen uptake in oilseed rape c.v. Capitol during a growth cycle using influx kinetics of root nitrate transport systems and field experimental data. Plant Physiology 134, 388–400.
| Modeling nitrogen uptake in oilseed rape c.v. Capitol during a growth cycle using influx kinetics of root nitrate transport systems and field experimental data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVansrs%3D&md5=819d0f272aec34a42e5ffb4120d2f741CAS | 14671012PubMed |
Malagoli P, Lainé P, Rossato L, Ourry A (2005) Dynamics of nitrogen uptake and mobilization in field-grown winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) from stem extension to harvest I. Global N flows between vegetative and reproductive tissues in relation to leaf fall and their residual N. Annals of Botany 95, 853–861.
| Dynamics of nitrogen uptake and mobilization in field-grown winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) from stem extension to harvest I. Global N flows between vegetative and reproductive tissues in relation to leaf fall and their residual N.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjvFOrtr0%3D&md5=8ccee0fa739f70cd59521d2850b3e5e0CAS | 15701662PubMed |
Müller J, Diepenbrock W (2006) Measurement and modelling of gas exchange of leaves and pods of oilseed rape. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 139, 307–322.
| Measurement and modelling of gas exchange of leaves and pods of oilseed rape.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Naderikharaji R, Pakniyat H, Biabani AR (2008) Effect of drought stress on photosynthetic rate of four rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Journal of Application Science 8, 4460–4463.
Naeem MS, Jin ZL, Wan GL, Liu D, Liu HB, Yoneyama K, Zhou WJ (2010) 5-Aminolevulinic acid improves photosynthetic gas exchange capacity and ion uptake under salinity stress in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Plant and Soil 332, 405–415.
| 5-Aminolevulinic acid improves photosynthetic gas exchange capacity and ion uptake under salinity stress in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXntlGhurk%3D&md5=5ce15090bc0accd151bc37f1510082baCAS |
Noquet C, Avice JC, Rossato L, Beauclair P, Henry MP, Ourry A (2004) Effects of altered source-sink relationships on N allocation and vegetative storage protein accumulation in Brassica napus L. Plant Science 166, 1007–1018.
| Effects of altered source-sink relationships on N allocation and vegetative storage protein accumulation in Brassica napus L.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhs12mtrw%3D&md5=4e7ae43fcdfd1490d3f2d36c68a49aa9CAS |
Papantoniou AN, Tsialtas JT, Papakosta DK (2013) Dry matter and nitrogen partitioning and translocation in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Crop & Pasture Science 64, 115–122.
| Dry matter and nitrogen partitioning and translocation in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown under rainfed Mediterranean conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rose TJ, Rengel Z, Bowden JW (2007) Phosphorus and potassium accumulation by Brassica napus L., and effects of phosphorus and potassium deficiency late in the season. In ‘Proceedings 12th International Rapeseed Congress. III. Sustainable development in cruciferous oilseed crops production’. (Eds T Fu, C Guan) pp. 194–197. (Science Press USA, Inc.: Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA)
Schachtman DP, Reid RJ, Ayling SM (1998) Phosphorus uptake by plants: From soil to cell. Plant Physiology 116, 447–453.
| Phosphorus uptake by plants: From soil to cell.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXht1ajtbc%3D&md5=1308c5a5c0aebf1d8018020d730bb46dCAS | 9490752PubMed |
Sivasankar A, Bansal KC, Parol YP (1993) Nitrogen in relation to leaf area development and photosynthesis. Proceedings of the Indian National Scientific Academy B 59, 235–244.
Tang L, Zhu Y, Sun XF, Cao WX (2007) Dynamic simulation model for photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation in Rapeseed. Acta Agronomica Sinica 33, 189–195. [in Chinese]
USDA FAS (Foreign Agricultural Service) (2014a) World Agricultural Production. Available at: www.fas.usda.gov/data/world-agricultural-production (accessed 10 December 2014).
USDA FAS (Foreign Agricultural Service) (2014b) Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade. Available at: www.fas.usda.gov/data/oilseeds-world-markets-and-trade (accessed 10 December 2014).
Wang RQ, Du XB, Yan WW, Yan YL, Song Z, Yu Y, Pang CQ, Yang GZ (2007) Study on an easy measuring method of leaf area of Huaza No. 6 (Brassica napus L.). Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences 29, 339–341. [in Chinese]
Wang S, Wang E, Wang F, Tang L (2012) Phenological development and grain yield of canola as affected by sowing date and climate variation in the Yangtze River Basin of China. Crop & Pasture Science 63, 478–488.
| Phenological development and grain yield of canola as affected by sowing date and climate variation in the Yangtze River Basin of China.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang L, Yang T, Zhu D, Hamilton D, Nie Z, Liu L, Wan X, Zhu C (2013) Growth and turion formation of Potamogeton crispus in response to different phosphorus concentrations in water. Aquatic Ecology 47, 87–97.
| Growth and turion formation of Potamogeton crispus in response to different phosphorus concentrations in water.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXjs1ertrc%3D&md5=806d95e5ae9aa27c29cec0dcecc6698dCAS |
Wang Y, Liu B, Ren T, Liu XK, Cong RH, Zhang M, Yousaf M, Lu JW (2014) Establishment method affects oilseed rape yield and the response to nitrogen fertilizer. Agronomy Journal 106, 131–142.
| Establishment method affects oilseed rape yield and the response to nitrogen fertilizer.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wei Y, Bell RW, Yang Y, Ye Z, Wang K, Huang L (1998) Prognosis of boron deficiency in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) by plant analysis. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, 867–874.
| Prognosis of boron deficiency in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) by plant analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXktFWrt7o%3D&md5=f54b092ce5a2e0cdfd62917a858a7e69CAS |
Xu GH, Yang CG (2000) Determination of essential macro elements in the plant. In ‘Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis’. (Ed. SD Bao) pp. 263–270. (China Agricultural Press: Beijing) [in Chinese]
Yang Y, Liu Q, Song H, Guan C, Rong X, Peng J (2011) Effects of different NPK ratios on the growth and yield of winter rapeseed. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica 20, 70–75. [in Chinese]
Yu YY, Liu FL, Zhang DQ (2010) The evolution analysis of quality and yield characters of new rapeseed lines tested in national winter rapeseed regional experiment in recent decade in China. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 26, 119–123. [in Chinese]
Zhang WY, Wang KH (2012) The analysis of relationship between SPAD reading and chlorophyll content in Brassica napus L. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 28, 92–95. [in Chinese]
Zou J, Lu J, Chen F, Li Y (2009) Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and boron fertilizers on yield and profit of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in the Yangtze River Basin. Acta Agronomica Sinica 35, 87–92. [in Chinese]
