Evaluation and breeding of tedera for Mediterranean climates in southern Australia
D. Real A B C D L , C. M. Oldham E , M. N. Nelson C F , J. Croser D , M. Castello D , A. Verbyla G H , A. Pradhan C F , A. Van Burgel E , P. Méndez I , E. Correal J , N. L. Teakle C K , C. K. Revell A B D and M. A. Ewing A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia.
B Future Farm Industries Cooperative Research Centre, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
C School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
D Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
E Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 444 Albany Highway, Albany, WA 6330, Australia.
F The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
G School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Private Mail Bag 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
H Computational Informatics, CSIRO, PO Box 780, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia.
I Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Apartado 60, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
J Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, Estación Sericícola, C/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain.
K Graduate Research School, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
L Corresponding author. Email: daniel.real@agric.wa.gov.au
Crop and Pasture Science 65(11) 1114-1131 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP13313
Submitted: 5 September 2013 Accepted: 4 November 2013 Published: 27 February 2014
Abstract
Tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa C.H. Stirton var. albomarginata and var. crassiuscula) has been identified as one of the most productive and drought-tolerant species of herbaceous perennial legumes based on 6 years of field evaluation in Western Australia in areas with Mediterranean climate and annual rainfall ranging from 200 to 600 mm. Importantly, tedera demonstrated broad adaptation to diverse soils, and some accessions have shown moderate levels of tolerance to waterlogging and salinity. Tedera exhibits minimal leaf shedding during summer and autumn. Economic modelling strongly suggests that giving livestock access to green tedera in summer and autumn will dramatically increase farm profit by reducing supplementary feeding. The breeding program (2006–12) evaluated the available genetic diversity of tedera for its field performance in seven nurseries with 6498 spaced plants in total covering a wide variation in rainfall, soils and seasons. Best overall plants were selected using a multivariate selection index generated with best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of dry matter cuts and leaf retention traits. The breeding program also evaluated tedera for grazing tolerance, grazing preference by livestock, waterlogging tolerance, seed production, cold tolerance, disease susceptibility and presence of secondary compounds. Tedera is a diploid, self-pollinated species. Therefore, 28 elite parents were hand-crossed in several combinations to combine outstanding attributes of parents; F1 hybrids were confirmed with the aid of highly polymorphic, simple sequence repeat markers. The F1s were progressed to F4s by single-seed descent breeding. Elite parent plants were selfed for two generations to be progressed in the breeding program without hybridisation. Over time, selections from the crossing and selfing program will deliver cultivars of three ideotypes: (i) drought-tolerant, (ii) cold- and drought-tolerant, (iii) waterlogging- and drought-tolerant.
Additional keywords: breeding methods, drought tolerance, forage legumes, mixed models.
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