Root and shoot growth by seedlings of annual and perennial medic, and annual and perennial wheat
P. R. Ward A B C , J. A. Palta A and H. A. Waddell A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
B School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: Phil.Ward@csiro.au
Crop and Pasture Science 62(5) 367-373 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP10392
Submitted: 14 December 2010 Accepted: 29 April 2011 Published: 1 June 2011
Abstract
Perennial plants such as lucerne are now widely acknowledged as one means of controlling the expansion of dryland salinity in southern Australia. However, their inclusion in farming systems is limited by poor seedling vigour, thought to be associated with greater allocation of biomass to perennating organs in roots, and poor adaptation to some soils and climatic conditions in south-western Australia. For this reason, interest in other perennial options such as perennial wheat is increasing. In this research we compared early (29-day) seedling growth and root : shoot ratios for annual and perennial medics (Medicago truncatula and M. sativa), and for annual and perennial wheat (Triticum aestivum and Triticum × Agropyron cross). For the medics, the annual reached the 6-leaf stage after 29 days and produced more root and shoot biomass than lucerne (4-leaf stage after 29 days), but there was no difference in root : shoot ratio or depth of root growth. For wheat, there were no differences in root growth, shoot growth, or root : shoot ratio between the annual and perennial lines (Zadoks growth stages 23 and 21, respectively, after 29 days). The poor competitive performance of M. sativa seedlings relative to M. truncatula was not due to changed allocation of biomass to shoots, but was related more to seed size (2.7 and 5.0 mg, respectively). This does not seem to occur to the same extent in perennial wheat lines, suggesting that their seedling performance may be more competitive.
Additional keywords: lucerne, perennial crops, secondary salinity, seedling vigour.
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