Characterisation and genetic diversity analysis of selected chickpea cultivars of nine countries using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
Tadesse Sefera A B C , Bekele Abebie B , Pooran M. Gaur C , Kebebew Assefa A and Rajeev K. Varshney C D E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), PO Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
B Department of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, PO Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
C International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru – 502 324, AP, India.
D Genomics towards Gene Discovery Sub Programme, Generation Challenge Programme (GCP), c/o CIMMYT, Int APDO Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico.
E Corresponding author. Email: r.k.varshney@cgiar.org
Crop and Pasture Science 62(2) 177-187 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP10165
Submitted: 11 May 2010 Accepted: 20 January 2011 Published: 17 February 2011
Abstract
The genomic DNA profiles of 48 chickpea cultivars released in nine countries and of historical significance to the chickpea breeding programs at ICRISAT and in Ethiopia were evaluated using 48 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Across the cultivars, a total of 504 alleles representing the 48 SSR loci were detected with frequencies ranging from three to 22 (mean 10.5) alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) for the SSR markers varied from 0.37 to 0.91 (mean 0.77). A subset of only three highly informative SSR markers (TA176, TA2, TA180) enabled complete discrimination among all 48 chickpea cultivars tested. Hierarchical neighbour-joining UPGMA cluster analysis based on simple matching dissimilarity matrix resolved the 48 cultivars into two major clusters representing desi and kabuli types. These cluster groupings of the cultivars were consistent with the pedigree information available for the cultivars as to the phenotypic classes of chickpea types. Analysis of the temporal patterns of the SSR diversity by classifying 48 chickpea cultivars into four periods of release revealed increasing tendencies in the overall genetic diversity from 0.42 for the earliest varieties developed in the 1970s to 0.62 for those released in the 1980s, and reached a maximum and equivalent level of 0.72 for the varieties developed in the 1990s and 2000s. Overall, the study ascertained that SSRs provide powerful marker tools in revealing genetic diversity and relationships in chickpeas, thereby proving useful for selection of parents in breeding programs and also for DNA fingerprint identification of cultivars.
Additional keywords: chickpea, molecular markers, genetic diversity, microsatellites, SSR.
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