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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 61(3)

Molecular diversity and genetic structure of modern and traditional landrace cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Harsh Raman A D E , B. J. Stodart A E , Colin Cavanagh B , M. Mackay C , Matthew Morell B , Andrew Milgate A E and Peter Martin A E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.

B CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

C Australian Winter Cereals Collection, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia.

D Corresponding author. Email: harsh.raman@industry.nsw.gov.au

E The EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation is an alliance between the Industry and Investment NSW and Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia.

Crop and Pasture Science 61(3) 222-229 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP09093
Submitted: 20 March 2009  Accepted: 13 December 2009   Published: 9 March 2010

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops of the world. In order to achieve continued genetic gain in wheat improvement programs, an assessment and utilisation of genetic diversity in a wide range of germplasm are required. The Australian Winter Cereal Collection (AWCC, Tamworth) holds over 33 000 accessions of wheat. In this study, we scanned the genome of 1057 accessions of hexaploid common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) originating from different geographic regions of the world, with 178 polymorphic DArT™ markers. These accessions comprised modern cultivars (MCs), advanced breeding lines (BLs), and landrace cultivars (LCs). Our results indicate that the LCs had higher polymorphic information content (PIC values) than the MCs and BLs. Cluster and principal coordinate analysis based on genetic distance matrices enabled classification of the 1057 accessions into 12 subgroups. The structure of subgroups appeared to be geographically determined and was generally consistent with pedigrees. Molecular analyses revealed that LCs have unique alleles compared with MCs and BLs, which may be useful for the genetic improvement of wheat.

Additional keywords: genetic diversity, germplasm, DArT.


Acknowledgments

We thank Mr Greg Grimes, curator of the AWCC collection, for supplying seed. This research was supported by funding from the BioFirst Initiative of the NSW Government, the Australian Winter Cereal Molecular Marker Program (project DAN72), I&I NSW, and CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra.


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