Evaluation of chemical desiccation as a selection technique for drought resistance in a dryland wheat breeding program

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that some chemical desiccants and senescing agents, when applied to adequately watered cereals 10 to 14 days after anthesis, can be used to select lines with stable grain size (kernel weight) under post-anthesis water deficits. The present study evaluated the potential of one of these chemicals, potassium iodide (KI), to select for this character in a dryland wheat breeding program. Ninety-six F2-derived lines grown in the F6and F7 generations and 11 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestzvum L.) were grown in two experiments at two medium-rainfall sites in 1988 and 1989 and sprayed with a 0.3% solution of KI when the grains had developed one-third in the lemma. Reductions in grain yield and thousand kernel weight due to treatment with KI were greater in 1988 than in 1989, probably due to the higher growing-season rainfall in that year. The reduction in grain yield as a result of desiccation was greater than the reduction in thousand kernel weight, but the correlation between the two was low (0.09 to 0.58) and non-significant in five out of the eight comparisons. There were considerable differences among genotypes in response to the desiccation treatment in the wetter 1988. Genetic coefficients of variation ranged from 5.6 to 12.9% for yield and 2.5 to 9.5% for thousand kernel weight. The ratio of the variance component estimates for the interaction between genotypes and desiccation treatment to the variance component estimates for genotypes was generally less than one. However, genetic differences in response to the desiccation treatment could be demonstrated in some experiments, particularly at one site and in the wetter of the two years. We conclude that the chemical desiccation technique can be used to select for post-anthesis drought resistance in a dryland breeding program. However, there are some limitations to the technique, and selection needs to be confined to wetter sites and seasons.