Losses, by leaching, of alkaloids from the capsule of the poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) during maturation

Abstract

Losses by leaching of morphine, codeine and thebaine from field-grown capsules of Papaver somniferum at various stages of maturity were determined by subjecting them to a mist of tap water, and collecting the leachate. Up to 60 and 80% of the morphine and codeine were removed from the mature capsule by leaching, but only 40% of the thebaine. Losses from the immature capsules were generally small, but increased dramatically as the capsules matured. An undamaged waxy bloom significantly reduced leaching losses. Significant quantities of morphine and thebaine were removed from the capsule by mechanisms other than leaching.