Flower initiation in relation to maturity in crop plants. I. Flower initiation in relation to maturity in some Australian oats (Avena spp.)

Abstract

The description of oat varieties as early, mid, and late depends mainly on differences in their time of flower initiation. Flower initiation has been studied in varieties grown in southern Australia and ranging in maturity from first early to late. The time to flower initiation was found to depend greatly on the varietyÆs response to photoperiod and temperature. In all groups but the first early one, initiation was hastened by lengthening photoperiod and reducing temperature. The later the variety, the greater was the effect. Early varieties are those in which initiation occurs at a low leaf number over a wide range of photoperiods and temperatures. Late varieties result from initiation at a high leaf number, the delay compared with early varieties being due to sensitivity to high temperatures and to short photoperiods. These are the conditions prevailing after late summer and autumn sowings. Late varieties mature early in the field when grown either at low temperatures (below 50¦F), or at slightly higher temperatures (below 60¦F) and intermediate photoperiod. This is similar to the reaction of variety Clare in the second early group of' subterranean clover. Very late varieties of oats, similar to winter wheats which have a pronounced cold requirement for initiation, are not yet present in Australia.