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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 58(9)

Leaf rust of spring wheat in Northern Kazakhstan and Siberia: incidence, virulence, and breeding for resistance*

A. Morgounov A D , L. Rosseeva B and M. Koyshibayev C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A CIMMYT, PO Box 39, Emek 06511, Ankara, Turkey.

B Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture, Omsk 12, Russia.

C Kazakh Research Institute of Crop Protection, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

D Corresponding author. Email: a.morgounov@cgiar.org

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58(9) 847-853 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR07086
Submitted: 8 March 2007  Accepted: 8 June 2007   Published: 28 September 2007

Abstract

Northern Kazakhstan and Western Siberia of Russia represent a relatively uniform continuous area of spring wheat cultivation of ~20 million ha. Despite the dry climate, cultivation of susceptible varieties resulted in epidemics of leaf rust on average in 1 year out of 4, affecting up to 5 million ha with yield losses of up to 25–30%. The leaf rust population showed absence of virulence for genes Lr9 and Lr24 and low frequency of isolates with virulence to Lr11, Lr16, Lr18, and Lr28. The field observations indicated that genes Lr28 and Lr36 provide resistance. All the wheat cultivars are susceptible to leaf rust and only recently have several resistant lines and new varieties have been tested in trials. The current resistance breeding efforts are based on incorporation of the resistance from local and foreign sources. The breeding strategy is not based on detailed knowledge of the leaf rust population and its interaction with the host because of limited pathology and genetics research capacity. However, practical breeding efforts in combining proven resistance with adaptation traits resulted in the development of new competitive resistant germplasm. Shuttle breeding between the region and CIMMYT-Mexico to enhance resistance contributes to regional efforts.

Additional keywords: genes, shuttle breeding, resistance sources.


Acknowledgments

The author is thankful to Dr Robert Park for encouragement and assistance in preparation of the manuscript and to Dr Jim Kolmer for sharing the data.


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*This paper is part of ‘Global Landscapes in Cereal Rust Control’, Aust. J. Agric. Res. Vol. 58, no. 6.