Register      Login
Crop and Pasture Science Crop and Pasture Science Society
Plant sciences, sustainable farming systems and food quality
Shopping Cart: ( empty )
You are here: Home > Journals > CP > AR06142
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 58(6)

Wheat stripe rust in China

A. M. Wan A D , X. M. Chen B and Z. H. He C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100094, China.

B USDA-ARS, Wheat Genetics, Physiology, Quality, and Disease Research Unit, and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA.

C Institute of Crop Science/CIMMYT China Office, c/o CAAS, Beijing 100081, China.

D Corresponding author. Email: anmin.wan@163.com

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58(6) 605-619 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR06142
Submitted: 10 May 2006  Accepted: 27 February 2007   Published: 26 June 2007

Abstract

China has the largest stripe rust epidemic region in the world in terms of wheat acreage affected by the disease. Extensive studies on the epidemiology and management of stripe rust have been carried out since the widespread occurrence of the disease in the 1950s. Fifteen epidemic zones were classified, based on factors influencing the occurrence of wheat stripe rust. The disease can spread inter-regionally, mainly from west to east and from south to north. Winter-wheat growing regions in the north-west, south-west, and north, and spring-wheat growing regions in the north-west are the major epidemic areas. Hotspots of wheat stripe rust are mainly located in south-eastern Gansu and north-western Sichuan, and these areas constitute the inoculum base, centre of diversity, and major over-summering areas of the pathogen. Successful control in over-summering areas is the key to achieving sustainable management of stripe rust in China. Pathogen variability and race virulence have been monitored continuously, and the resistance genetics and background of Chinese wheat cultivars analysed. Effective management of stripe rust includes resistance breeding and application, diversification and deployment of various resistance genes, use of chemicals, adoption of appropriate agricultural practice, and integrated disease management in ‘hotspot’ regions. Collaboration of scientists among various organisations and disciplines is vital. We discuss the progress and challenges of wheat stripe rust management in China.

Additional keywords: Triticum aestivum, wheat stripe (yellow) rust, epidemiology, disease management.


Acknowledgments

Dr Rosemary Bayles, National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, UK, provided a critical and conscientious review of this paper before submission. Her criticism, comments, and editorial revisions greatly improved the quality of the paper. We give special thanks to her for kindness, time, and efforts. We thank Dr J. Jayaraj (Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University) for critical reading. The authors also are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their time and suggestions.


References


Bayles RA (2002) ‘Variety diversification scheme to reduce spread of yellow rust in wheat.’ United Kingdom Cereal Pathogen Virulence Survey 2001 Annual Report. p. 94. (The United Kingdom Cereal Pathogen Virulence Survey Committee: Cambridge, UK)

Boshoff WHP, Pretorius ZA, Van Niekerk BD (2002) Establishment, distribution, and pathogenicity of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in South Africa. Plant Disease 86, 485–492.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Cai X (1949) Studies on genetics of resistance to wheat stripe rust in adult stage. Chinese Journal of Agriculture 1, 29–42. open url image1

Chen Q, Song WH, Duan ZZ, Duan LQ, Wang YQ (2000) Efficacy comparison of nine fungicides to control wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew. Pesticides 39, 32–33. open url image1

Chen SM, Lu SY, Zhou JP (1957) Study on the epidemiology of wheat yellow rust in North China. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 3, 63–85. open url image1

Chen XH, Niu YC, Hu BZ (2004) Identification of RAPD markers linked to the resistance gene Yr5 against wheat stripe rust with denaturing PAGE-silver staining. Acta Genetica Sinica 31, 270–274.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Chen XM (2005) Epidemiology and control of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) on wheat. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 27, 314–337. open url image1

Chen XM, Line RF (1995a) Gene action in wheat cultivars for durable high-temperature adult-plant resistance and interactions with race-specific, seedling resistance to stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis. Phytopathology 85, 567–572.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Chen XM, Line RF (1995b) Gene number and heritability of wheat cultivars with durable, high-temperature, adult-plant resistance and race-specific resistance to Puccinia striiformis. Phytopathology 85, 573–578.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Chen XM, Line RF, Jones SS (1995a) Chromosomal location of genes for stripe rust in spring wheat cultivars Compair, Fielder, Lee, and Lemhi and interactions of aneuploid wheats with races of Puccinia striiformis. Phytopathology 85, 375–381.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Chen XM, Line RF, Jones SS (1995b) Chromosomal location of genes for resistance to Puccinia striiformis in winter wheat cultivars Heines VII, Clement, Moro, Tyee, Tres, and Daws. Phytopathology 85, 1362–1367.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Chen XM, Moore MK, Milus EA, Long DL, Line RF, Marshall D, Jackson L (2002) Wheat stripe rust epidemics and races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the United States in 2000. Plant Disease 86, 39–46.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Chen YL, Chen WQ, Xie SX, Zhang SX, Yang LP (1992a) Between the susceptibility of wheat varieties to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformi West.) and the control effect of Triadimefon. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 19, 75–80. open url image1

Chen YL, Wang Y, Xie SX, Liu SY, Chen WQ (1988) The initial study on the mechanism of the enduring effect of Triadimefon for controlling wheat stripe rust in seed treatment. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 18, 47–50. open url image1

Chen YL, Xie SX, Sun YH, Qin HK (1982) Preliminary research on Triadimefon as a seed dressing for controlling epidemics of yellow rust of wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 9, 265–270. open url image1

Chen YL, Xie SX, Sun YH, Qin HK (1984) Preliminary research on the control of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) of wheat by Triadimefon. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 11, 241–246. open url image1

Chen YL, Zhang SX, Chen WQ, Yang LP (1992b) Preliminary study on sensitivity of wheat rust (Puccinia striiformis West., Puccinia recondita var. tritici erikss. Et henn., Puccinia graminis var. tritici erikss. ET henn) to Triademefon. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 22, 95. open url image1

Chen YL, Zhang SX, Yang LP, Wang FL, Xie SX, Liu HX, Hu JW, Liu SJ, Li YC, Huang CY (1992c) Preliminary studies on the toxicity and application of Diniconazole for controlling wheat rust. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 19, 289–295. open url image1

Fang CT (1944) Physiological specialization of Puccinia glumarum Erikss. and Henn. in China. Phytopathology 34, 1020–1024. open url image1

Fang CT, Chen NY (1955) Varietal resistance of wheat to stripe rust at the seedling stage and the variability of causal organism. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 1, 155–168. open url image1

Gassner G, Straib W (1932) Die Bestimmung der biologerschen Russen des Weizengelbrostes (Puccinia glumarum f. sp. tritici (Schmidt) Eriks u. Henn). Arbeiten aus der Biologischen Reichsanstalt fuer Land-und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin-Dahlem 20, 141–163. open url image1

Guo WF, Zhang GS, Wang JW, Zhang SL, Wang CY, Li ZW, Wang LJ (2004) RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis of Puccinia striiformis resistance in N95175. Journal of Triticeae Crops 24, 25–27. open url image1

He ZH , Rajaram S , Xin ZY , Huang GZ (2001) ‘A history of wheat breeding in China.’ (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center: Mexico)

Huang GM, Liu ZD (1983) Survey of wheat stripe rust inoculum on wheat autumn seedlings in neighboring regions among Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan Provinces. Plant Protection 2, 14. open url image1

Jia MG, Shang HS, Li ZQ (1992) Effects of stripe rust infection on photosynthesis and respiration of wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 22, 125–129. open url image1

Jing JX, Shang HS, Li ZQ (1993) The biological effects of ultraviolet ray radiation on wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis west.). Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 24, 299–304. open url image1

Johnson R (1981) Durable resistance, definition, genetic control and attainment in plant breeding. Phytopathology 71, 567–568. open url image1

Johnson R (1988) Durable resistance to yellow (stripe) rust in wheat and its implications in plant breeding. In ‘Breeding strategies for resistance to the rusts of wheat’. (Eds NW Simonds, S Rajaram) pp. 63–75. (CIMMYT Publishing: Mexico)

Johnson R, Stubbs RW, Fuchs E, Chamberlain NH (1972) Nomenclature of physiologic races of Puccinia striiformis infecting wheat. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 58, 475–480. open url image1

Kang ZS, Li ZQ, Chong J, Rohringer R (1994a) Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of haustorium of wheat stripe rust. Mycosystema 13, 52–57. open url image1

Kang ZS, Li ZQ, Rohringer R, Chong J (1994b) Cytochemical localization of sugar sides in main structure of wheat stripe rust fungus by lectin probes. Mycosystema 13, 58–64. open url image1

Kang ZS, Li ZQ, Shang HS (1994c) Nuclear condition of uredinial stage of wheat stripe rust. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 24, 26–31. open url image1

Kang ZS, Li ZQ, Shang HS, Chong J (1993a) Electron microscopy of urediospores formation in wheat stripe rust. Acta Univ. Agric. Boreali-Occidentalia 21(Suppl. 2), 10–13. open url image1

Kang ZS, Li ZQ, Shang HS, Chong J (1993b) Ultrastructure of haustorial development of wheat stripe rust fungus. Acta Univ. Agric. Boreali-Occidentalia 21(Suppl. 2), 6–9. open url image1

Kang ZS, Li ZQ, Shang HS, Chong J, Rihringer R (1993c) Observation on the invasion of hausstorial mother cell to hypha cell in wheat stripe rust. Acta Univ. Agric. Boreali-Occidentalia 21, 94–96. open url image1

Kang ZS, Li ZQ, Shang HS, Chong J and  Rohringer R (1993) Observation on the invasion of hausstorial mother cell to hypha cell in wheat stripe rust. Acta Univ. Agric. Boreali-Occidentalia Vol. 21, 1–5.d

Kang ZS, Li ZQ, Shang HS, Chong J, Rohringer R (1993e) Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of intercellular hyphae of wheat stripe rust. Mycosystema 12, 208–213. open url image1

Kang ZS, Li ZQ, Shang HS, Chong J, Ronringer R (1993f) Further studies on the invasion of haustorial mother cell of Puccinia striiformis West. to its own intercellular hyphae. Mycosystema 12, 313–317. open url image1

Li GQ, Li ZF, Yang WY, Zhang Y, He ZH, Xu SC, Singh RP, Qu YY, Xia XC (2006a) Molecular mapping of stripe rust resistance gene YrCH42 in Chinese wheat cultivar Chuanmai 42 and its allelism with Yr 24 and Yr 26. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 112, 1434–1440.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Li ZF, Xia XC, Zhou XC, Niu YC, He ZH , et al. (2006b) Seedling and slow rusting resistance to stripe rust in Chinese common wheats. Plant Disease 90, 1302–1312.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Li ZF, Zheng TC, He ZH, Li GQ, Xu SC, Li XP, Yang GY, Singh RP, Xia XC (2006c) Molecular tagging of stripe rust resistance gene YrZH84 in Chinese wheat line Zhou8425B. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 112, 1098–1103.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Li ZQ (1980) The variation of wheat variety resistance to stripe rust in China and the way of its solution. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 3, 72–76. open url image1

Li ZQ, Liu HW (1956a) Cause of breakdown of disease resistance of cultivar Bima-1 wheat yellow rust. Acta Westnorthern Agricultural University 4, 1–18. open url image1

Li ZQ, Liu HW (1956b) Preliminary studies on the trend of occurrence and development of the stripe rust of wheat (Puccinia glumarum (SCH).) Eriks. and (Henn.) in provinces Shensi, Kangsu, and Chinghai. Acta Univ. Agric. Boreali-Occidentalia 4, 1–18. open url image1

Li ZQ, Liu HW (1957a) Discussions about decreases in resistance to wheat stripe rust of Bima 1. Acta Univ. Agric. Boreali-Occidentalia 2, 93–102. open url image1

Li ZQ, Liu HW (1957b) Preliminary studies on the trend of occurrence and development of the stripe rust of wheat (Puccinia glumarum (SCH).) Eriks. and (Henn.) in provinces Shensi, Kangsu, and Chinghai. Acta Univ. Agric. Boreali-Occidentalia 1, 33–45. open url image1

Li ZQ, Shang HS, Yin XL, Qiang ZF, Zhao YQ, Lu HP, Hong XW, Song WZ, Liu SJ (1984) Studies on the breakdown of lovrin cultivars of wheat to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West.). Scientia Agricultura Sinica 1, 68–74. open url image1

Li ZQ, Wang MN, Jia MG, Lu HL, Shang HS, Kang ZS, Yang SF, Sun SM, Shi YC (1997) Study on the epidemiology and control strategy of wheat stripe rust in South Gansu. Acta Univ. Agric. Boreali-Occidentalia 25, 1–5. open url image1

Li ZQ , Zeng SM (2000) ‘Wheat rusts in China.’ (China Agricultural Press: China)

Lin XM, Li ZQ (1990) On the host range of stripe rust wheat in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 20, 265–270. open url image1

Line RF (2002) Stripe rust of wheat and barley in North America: a retrospective historical review. Annual Review of Phytopathology 40, 75–118.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Line RF, Chen XM (1995) Successes in breeding for and managing durable resistance to wheat rusts. Plant Disease 79, 1254–1255. open url image1

Line RF , Qayoum A (1991) Virulence, aggressiveness, evolution, and distribution of races of Puccinia striiformis (the cause of stripe rust of wheat) in North America, 1968–87. USDA-ARS, Technical Bulletin 1788.

Liu HW, Xia ZT, Chang YL (1965) Field experiments on the application of sulfanilic acid for controlling stripe rust of wheat in Shensi province. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 4, 341–345. open url image1

Liu WL, Zeng SM (1985) Preliminary study on the development of wheat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) in the leaf tissues of several slow-rusting cultivars of wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 15, 129–138. open url image1

Liu XK (1988) A preliminary study on the inheritance of resistance to stripe rust in wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 15, 33–39. open url image1

Liu XK, Hong XW, Liu SX, Song WZ, Liu SJ (1984) A preliminary study on the oversummering of Puccinia striiformis in South Lungnan. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 14, 9–15. open url image1

Liu XK, Xie SX, Wang KN, Wang JQ, Guo MK, Zhao TJ (1983) The relationships between cultivar deployment of wheat and yellow rust epidemic in south Gansu. Plant Protection 2, 12–13. open url image1

Lu DY, Yuan WH, Li JY, Li DK, Yu XR (1980) Studies on stripe rust resistance of the cultivals resources of wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 1, 15–22. open url image1

Lu SY, Fan KF, Shia SM, Mu WT, Kong SL, Yang TM, Wang KN, Lee SP (1956) Studies on stripe rust of wheat, 1. Physiologic specialization of Puccinia glumarum (Schmidt) Erikss. & Henn. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 2, 153–166. open url image1

Lu SY, Li KC (1958) Effect of light and temperature on varietal resistance of wheat to Puccinia glumarum Erikss. & Henn. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 4, 129–136. open url image1

Lu SY, Yang TM, Wu WT, Fan KF, Li WN, Li KC (1958) A study on stripe rust of wheat and grasses. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 4, 137–144. open url image1

Luo Y, Zeng SM (1988a) Component analysis of slowing-rust resistance of what cultivars to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) (I). Scientia Sinica [Series B] 31, 217–227. open url image1

Luo Y, Zeng SM (1988b) Studies on components of slow-rusting to wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) in wheat. Scientia Sinica [Series B] 1, 51–59. open url image1

Luo Y, Zeng SM (1995) Simulation studies on epidemics of wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) on slow rusting cultivars and analysis of effects of resistance components. Plant Pathology 44, 340–349.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Ma J, Zhou R, Dong Y, Wang L, Wang X, Jia J (2001) Molecular mapping and detection of the yellow rust resistance gene Yr26 in wheat transferred from Triticum turgidum L. using microsatellite markers. Euphytica 120, 219–226.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Ma Q, Kang ZS, Li ZQ (1993) The fusion of Urediospore germ tubes in Puccinia striiformis west. on wheat leaves. Acta Univ. Agric. Boreali-Occidentalia 21, 97–98. open url image1

McIntosh RA, Brown GN (1997) Anticipatory breeding for resistance to rust diseases in wheat. Annual Review of Phytopathology 35, 311–326.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

McIntosh RA , Hart GE , Devos KM , Gale MD , Rogers WJ (1998) Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat. In ‘Proceedings of the 9th International Wheat Genetics Symposium’. Vol. 5, pp. 1–235. (University Extension Press, University of Saskatchewan: Saskatoon, Canada)

McIntosh RA , Wellings CR , Park RF (1995) ‘Wheat rusts. An atlas of resistance genes.’ (CSIRO: Melbourne, Vic.)

Niu YC, Wu LR (1997) The breakdown of resistance to stripe rust in Fan 6-Mianyang wheat cultivars and strategies for its control. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 1, 5–8. open url image1

Pang JZ, Sun RJ, Yang ZG (1992) Genetic analysis of resistance to stripe rust in Yuandong 69. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 22, 189–191. open url image1

Pang JZ, Sun RJ, Yang ZG, Zhou QY (1993) Monosomic analyses of yellow rust and leaf rust resistance genes in winter wheat cultivar Fengkang 2. Plant Breeding 110, 153–156.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Roelfs AP , Singh RP , Saari EE (1992) ‘Rust diseases of wheat: concepts and methods of disease management.’ (CIMMYT: Mexico, D.F.)

Shan WX, Chen SY, Hui DW, Wu LR, Li ZQ (1996) Fingerprinting of type Chinese races of wheat stripe rust. Chinese Science Bulletin 41, 1427–1430. open url image1

Shan WX, Chen SY, Wu LR, Li ZQ (1995) RAPD analysis of epidemic races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 28, 1–7. open url image1

Shan WX, Chen SY, Zhang GY, Wu LR, Li ZQ (1997) Identifications of middle repeated DNA sequence in Puccinia striiformis. Scientia Sinica [Series C] 27, 241–246. open url image1

Shang HS (1998) High temperature resistance of wheat to stripe rust. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 31, 46–50. open url image1

Shang HS, Wang LG, Lu HP, Jing JX (1997) Characteristics of expression of high-temperature resistance to stripe rust in wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 24, 97–100. open url image1

Shang HS, Zhang H, Li ZQ (1995) Changes of translatable mRNA in wheat primary leaves at the initial stage of stripe rust infection. Acta Phytophysiology Sinica 12, 247–253. open url image1

Shao YT, Niu YC, Zhu LH, Zhai WX, Xu SC, Wu LR (2001) Identification of an AFLP marker linked to the stripe rust resistance gene Yr10 in wheat. Chinese Science Bulletin 46, 1466–1469. open url image1

Shen QY, Wang KN (1962) Study on the epidemiology of wheat yellow rust. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 1, 393–402. open url image1

Shu WH, Shen KQ, Yang TM, Zheng XH (1990) Studies on the inheritance of disease resistance of wheat IV. A monosomic analysis of the rust resistance genes of wheat varieties Luqiyu and Yantar. Acta Agronomica Sinica 16, 289–297. open url image1

Singh RP, Huerta-Espino J, Rajaram S (2000) Achieving near-immunity to leaf and stripe rusts in wheat by combining slow rusting resistance genes. Acta Phytopathologica Hungarica 35, 133–139. open url image1

Song WZ, Wang PY, Liu SJ, Wang JQ, Zeng SM (1988) Preliminary report on the year-round-disease-nursery of wheat stripe rust and its role in durable resistance evaluation. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 18, 119–123. open url image1

Stubbs RW (1985) Stripe rust. In ‘The cereal rusts. Vol. II’. (Eds AP Roelfs, WR Bushnell) pp. 61–101. (Academic Press: New York)

Stubbs RW (1988) Pathogenicity analysis of yellow (stripe) rust of wheat and its significance in a global context. In ‘Breeding strategies for resistance to the rusts of wheat’. (Eds NW Simmonds, S Rajaram) pp. 23–38. (CIMMYT: Mexico, D.F.)

Sun P, Zeng SM (1993) Statistical model to study the relationship between the wheat variety composition and the race composition of what stripe rust. Ecological Modeling 66, 277–287.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Sun P, Zeng SM (1995a) Modeling the cultivar-race interactions in inter-regional disease spread. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 102, 416–421. open url image1

Sun P, Zeng SM (1995b) The application of fitness matrix in study of race-cultivar interaction of wheat stripe rust. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 102, 663–668. open url image1

Sun P, Zeng SM (1995c) Estimation of relative parasitic fitness of pathogens in heterogeneous host populations. Phytopathology 58, 520–521. open url image1

Sun Q, Wei Y, Ni C, Xie C, Yang T (2002) Microsatellite marker for yellow rust resistance gene Yr5 introgressed from spelt wheat. Plant Breeding 121, 539–541.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Sun RJ, Pang JZ, Yang ZG (1991) Monosomic analysis of genes resistance to stripe rust in winter wheat Avrora. Acta Genetica Sinica 13, 3–5. open url image1

Sun YH, Zeng SM (1987) Observations on histology in slow-rusting cultivars. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 17, 253–258. open url image1

Tsai H (1949) Inheritance of adult plant resistance to yellow rust in quality wheat crosses. Chinese Journal of Agriculture 1, 29–42. open url image1

Wan AM (2001) Measurement and analysis of heterogeneity of wheat yellow rust during 1977–1996 in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 31, 25–31. open url image1

Wan AM, Niu YC, Wu LR (2000a) Temperature-sensitive resistance to yellow rust in 22 wheat cultivars. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 33, 101–103. open url image1

Wan AM, Niu YC, Wu LR, Yuan WH, Li GB, Jia QZ, Jin SL, Yang JX, Li YF, Bi YQ (1999) Physiologic specialization of wheat stripe rust in China during 1991–1996. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 29, 15–21. open url image1

Wan AM, Niu YC, Xu SC, Wu LR (2000b) Characteristics of cultivars with durable resistance to stripe rust and its potential in China. Acta Agronomica Sinica 26, 751–755. open url image1

Wan AM, Wu LR, Jia QZ, Jin SL, Wang BT, Li GB, Yang JX, Yao G, Bi YQ, Yuan ZY (2003a) Pathogenic changes of stripe rust fungus of wheat in China during 1997–2001. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 33, 261–266. open url image1

Wan AM, Wu LR, Jin SL, Jia QZ, Yao G, Yang JX, Wang BT, Li GB, Yuan ZY (2002) Occurrence of wheat stripe rust and monitoring of physiological races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China in 2000–2001. Plant Protection 28, 5–9. open url image1

Wan AM, Wu LR, Jin SL, Yao G, Wang BT (2003b) Discovery and studies on CY32, a new race of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 30, 347–352. open url image1

Wan AM, Xu SC, Wu LR (2000c) Preliminary studies on seed dressing with Tilt to control wheat stripe rust. Pesticides 6, 33–35. open url image1

Wan AM, Zhao ZH, Chen XM, He ZH, Jin SL, Jia QZ, Yao G, Yang JX, Wang BT, Li GB, Bi YQ, Yuan ZY (2004) Wheat stripe rust epidemic and virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China in 2002. Plant Disease 88, 896–904.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Wang BT, Shang HS (1996) The relation between the high-temperature resistance of wheat to stripe rust and lignin synthesis. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 23, 229–234. open url image1

Wang FL, Wu LR, Meng QY, Xie SX (1992) Preliminary studies on new virulent races of wheat stripe rust. Plant Protection 12, 2–4. open url image1

Wang FL, Wu LR, Wan AM (1995) Studies on virulence variation of wheat stripe rust population in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 28, 8–14. open url image1

Wang FL, Wu LR, Xie SX, Wan AM (1994) Postulation of genes and adult resistance to stripe rust of Chinese important wheat resistance resources. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 24, 175–180. open url image1

Wang FL, Wu LR, Xu SC, Jing SL, Jia QZ, Yuan WH, Yang JX (1996a) The discovery and studies on new races CYR30 and CYR31 of wheat stripe rust in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 23, 39–44. open url image1

Wang FL, Wu LR, Xu SC, Yang JX, Liu SY (1996b) systematic investigations on the breakdown of resistance in wheat cultivars of Mianyang derivative to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West). Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 26, 105–109. open url image1

Wang JQ, Tai SK (1965) Study on the oversummering of wheat yellow rust fungus in South Gansu. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 8, 1–10. open url image1

Wang KN, Hong SW, Chen SM, Chi L, Yuan SK, Lin PL (1963a) Studies on the inheritance of resistance to stripe rust in wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 6, 197–207. open url image1

Wang KN, Hong XW, Si QM, Wang JX, Shen JP (1963b) Studies of the physiology specialization of stripe rust of wheat in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 2, 23–36. open url image1

Wang KN, Hong XW, Wang JX, Meng QY, Xie SX, Wu LR, Cheng MR (1985) Studies of the physiological specialization of stripe rust of wheat in China during 1962–1965 and 1972–1974. Bulletin of the Institute of Plant Protection 1, 31–36. open url image1

Wang KN, Hong XW, Wu LR, Xie SX, Meng QY, Chen SM (1986a) The analysis of the resistance of varieties in the wheat stripe rust nurseries during 1951–1983. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 13, 117–124. open url image1

Wang KN, Wu LR, Meng QY, Xie SX, Lu DY , et al. (1986b) On the physiological specialization of stripe rust of wheat in China during the year 1975–1984. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 16, 79–85. open url image1

Wang KN, Xie SX, Liu XK, Wu LR, Wang JX, Chen YL (1988a) Progress in studies on wheat stripe rust in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 16, 80–85. open url image1

Wang KN, Xie SX, Liu XK, Wu LR, Wang JX, Chen YL (1988b) Progress in studies on control of wheat stripe rust in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 21, 1–8. open url image1

Wang LF, Ma JX, Zhou RH, Wang XM, Jia JZ (2002) Molecular tagging of the yellow rust resistance gene Yr10 in common wheat, P.I. 178383 (Triticum aestivum L.). Euphytica 124, 71–73.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Wang PY, Zeng SM, Zhang WY (1987) A preliminary study on using genetic analysis as a possible approach to the identification of horizontal resistance of wheat to stripe rust. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 17, 167–172. open url image1

Wang ZH, Peng YL, Yang J, Lamu , Dazhen (1989) Difference of pathogenicity between isolates of barley-attacking and wheat-attacking forms of Puccinia striiformis with special reference to the deviation of disease development. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 19, 161–165. open url image1

Wellings CR, McIntosh RA (1990) Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Australasia: pathogenic changes during the first 10 years. Plant Pathology 39, 316–325.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Wellings CR, Wright DG, Keiper F, Loughman R (2003) First detection of wheat stripe rust in Western Australia: evidence for a foreign incursion. Australia Plant Pathology 32, 321–322.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Wu LR, Meng QY, Wang KN, Song WZ, Yuan WH, Yang JX (1985) Studies on the stripe rust resistance of wheat cultivars Lovrin 10, Predgornayi 2. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 18, 60–63. open url image1

Wu LR, Meng QY, Xie SX, Yang HA, Wang KN, Yuan WH, Song WZ, Yang JX, Li YF, Yang SC (1988) The discovery and studies on physiological races of wheat stripe rust virulent to Lovrin 10 and Lovrin 13. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 21, 53–58. open url image1

Wu LR, Yang HA, Tao BH, Meng QY, Xie SX, Song WZ, Yuan WH, Yang JX, Li YF (1991) Studies on the epidemic forecast of new race of wheat stripe rust in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 24, 59–64. open url image1

Wu LR, Yang HA, Yuan WH, Song WZ, Yang JX, Li YF, Bi YQ (1993) On the physiological specialization of stripe rust of wheat in China during 1985–1990. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 23, 269–274. open url image1

Xiao YY, Zeng SM (1983) SIMYR, a simple simulation model for epidemic of wheat yellow rust. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 13, 1–13. open url image1

Xiao YY, Zeng SM (1986) Computer simulation of disease spread from the focus of wheat yellow rust II Elliptical spread. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 16, 3–10. open url image1

Xie SX, Chen WQ, Chen YL, Wang KN, Lin XL, Yang ZH (1992) On the dispersal of wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis west) in Longnan prefecture and abazhou. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 22, 138–143. open url image1

Xie SX, Peng YF, Zhang PG, Su QS, Wu CD, Xiao YY, He SY, Feng MY, Lin XM (1987) A preliminary research on the oversummering wheat stripe rust in Hubei province. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 17, 40–46. open url image1

Xin ZY, Johnson R, Law C, Worland AJ (1984) A genetic analysis of genes for yellow rust resistance in the winter wheat variety Feng-Kang 13. Acta Agronomica Sinica 10, 217–222. open url image1

Xu SC , Wu LR , Wan AM , Wang FL , Niu YC , Zhao WS (2004) Advances in constructions of isogenic lines for wheat stripe rust. In ‘Proceedings of the 15th International Plant Protection Congress’. p. 60. (Foreign Languages Press: Beijing, China)

Yahyaoui AH, Hakim MS, Naimi MEI, Rbeiz N (2002) Evolution of physiologic races and virulence of Puccinia striiformis on wheat in Syria and Lebanon. Plant Disease 86, 499–504.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Yang HA, Stubbs RW (1990) Gene postulation for wheat stripe rust resistance on Chinese differential hosts. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 17, 67–72. open url image1

Yang HA, Wu LR (1990) Analysis of pathogenicity and virulence factors of Chinese races of Puccinia striiformis tritici. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 20, 213–217. open url image1

Yang HA, Wu LR, Stubbs RW (1990a) The nature of the resistance in Mianyang wheat cultivars to Puccinia striiformis tritici. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 23, 1–5. open url image1

Yang SC, Ran Y (1986) Studies on the oversummering of Puccinia striiformis (West.) in Yunnan province. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 2, 72–77. open url image1

Yang TM, Shu WH, Shen KQ (1990b) Monosomic analysis of stripe and leaf rust resistance genes in winter wheat varieties Luqiyu and Yanar. Euphytica 48, 83–86.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Yang XB, Zeng SM (1992) Detecting pattern of wheat stripe rust pandemics in time and space. Phytopathology 82, 571–576. open url image1

Yang ZM, Tang BR, Shen KQ, Xia XC (1994) A strategic grogram in wheat resistance breeding-building and utilization of sources of second-line resistance against rusts and mildew in China. Acta Agronomica Sinica 20, 385–394. open url image1

Yang ZW, Li ZQ, Jia ML, Sun XQ (1991) The initial study of economic injury level (EIL) of stripe rust of winter wheat. Acta Univ. Agric. Boreali-Occidentalia 19(Suppl.), 33–38. open url image1

Yuan WH, Zhang ZJ, Feng F, Zeng SM (1995) Screening and race specificity of cultivars with slow rusting resistance to stripe rust. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 28, 35–40. open url image1

Zadoks JC (1961) Yellow rust on wheat, studies in epidemiology and physiologic specialization. Tijdschrift voor Plantenziekten 67, 69–256.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Zeng SM (1962) Mathematical analysis of epidemic of wheat yellow rust I. Rate of disease progress. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 1, 35–48. open url image1

Zeng SM (1963a) Mathematical analysis of epidemic of wheat yellow rust II. Distance of disease spread. Acta Phytophylactica 6, 141–151. open url image1

Zeng SM (1963b) On the epidemiological region system of wheat yellow rust in China. Plant Protection 1, 10–13. open url image1

Zeng SM (1979) Preliminary studies on horizontal resistance to wheat stripe rust in wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection 6, 1–10. open url image1

Zeng SM (1981) Preliminary study on the computer simulation of what yellow rust. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Pekinensis 7, 1–12. open url image1

Zeng SM (1983) Preminary report on the screening of wheat cultivars with horizontal resistance to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) by regional trials. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 4, 58–67. open url image1

Zeng SM (1988) Interregional spread of wheat yellow rust in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 18, 219–223. open url image1

Zeng SM (1991) PANCRIN, a prototype model of the pandemic cultivar-race interaction of yellow rust of wheat in China. Plant Pathology 40, 287–295.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Zeng SM (1996a) Study on the method of estimation of relative parasitic fitness of plant pathogenic fungi exemplified with Puccinia striiformis West. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 26, 97–104. open url image1

Zeng SM (1996b) On the estimation of durability of disease resistance. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 26, 193–203. open url image1

Zeng SM, Luo Y (2006) Long-distance spread and interregional epidemics of wheat stripe rust in China. Plant Disease 90, 980–988.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Zeng SM, Wang PY (1990) Preliminary study on the methods of estimation of parasitic fitness in the cultivar-race combinations of wheat yellow rust. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Pekinensis 16(suppl.), 169–172. open url image1

Zhang H, Shang HS, Li ZQC (1994) Changes in polyribosome level and protein synthesis of wheat leaves in the early stage of stripe rust infection. Acta Phytophysiology Sinica 20, 339–345. open url image1

Zhang ZJ (1995) Evidence of durable resistance in nine Chinese land races and one Italian cultivar of Triticum aestivum to Puccinia striiformis. European Journal of Plant Pathology 101, 405–409.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Zhang ZJ, Yang GH, Li GH, Jin SL, Yang XB (2001) Transgressive segregation, heritability and number of genes controlling durable resistance to stripe rust in one Chinese and two Italian wheat cultivars. Phytopathology 91, 680–686.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Zhao MQ, Xiao YY, Zeng SM (1985) Computer simulation of disease spread from the focus of wheat yellow rust I. Circular spread. Chinese Journal of Plant Pathology 15, 199–204. open url image1

Zhuang QS (2003) ‘Chinese wheat improvement and pedigree analysis.’ (China Agricultural Press: Beijing, China)