Free Standard AU & NZ Shipping For All Book Orders Over $80!
Register      Login
Crop and Pasture Science Crop and Pasture Science Society
Plant sciences, sustainable farming systems and food quality
Shopping Cart: ( empty )
You are here: Home > Journals > CP > AR05399
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 58(2)

The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on the expression of lipogenic genes in broilers

H. J. Chin A , Y. H. Ko A , T. F. Shen A and S. T. Ding A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.

B Corresponding author. Email: sding@ntu.edu.tw

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58(2) 153-159 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR05399
Submitted: 16 November 2005  Accepted: 26 October 2006   Published: 22 February 2007

Abstract

The objectives of this work were to determine the effects of dietary fungal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on tissue DHA concentration and lipogenic gene expression in broilers. A fungal (SR-21) meal product containing 31.5% total fat and 32.7% DHA (% of total fatty acids) was fed to chicken broilers at 0, 1, or 3% for 3 weeks. A diet with 1% DHA oil (containing 40% DHA) was also fed to chicken broilers as a positive control. Dietary fungal meal supplementation (3%) improved daily weight gain, food intake, and feed conversion ratio. The fungal meal supplementation increased dietary DHA content and consequently increased the DHA content in plasma, breast muscle (Pectoralis major), and livers in the broilers. The plasma triacylglycerol concentration was decreased by the supplementation of dietary DHA. The data indicate that the dietary DHA treatment modified certain aspects of the lipid metabolism, especially pathways related to triacylglycerol synthesis. Indeed, both the 1% DHA oil and 3% fungal meal treatments decreased the hepatic lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) mRNA relative abundance, suggesting that dietary DHA supplementation decreases SREBP1 gene functions. The relative mRNA abundance of the de novo fatty acid synthesis genes, fatty acid synthase and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, was reduced by 1% DHA oil and 3% fungal meal treatments, suggesting that dietary DHA supplementation decreases lipogenesis in the livers of the broilers. Taken together, the fungal meal is a suitable dietary supplement to increase tissue DHA content and reduce the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes in broilers.

Additional keywords: acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, broiler, fatty acid synthase, lipogenesis, liver.


Acknowledgments

The authors thank Y. S. Hsu at National Taiwan University for her technical assistance. We also thank H. J. Mersmann for his valuable input and scientific editing of this manuscript. This work was funded by the Council of Agriculture in Taiwan [Grant number 94AS-3.1.4-U1(7)].


References


Abril R, Garrett J, Zeller SG, Sander WJ, Mast RW (2003) Safety assessment of DHA-rich microalgae from Schizochytrium sp. Part V: target animal safety/toxicity study in growing swine. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 37, 73–82.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Adams RL, Pratt DE, Lin JH, Stadelman WJ (1989) Introduction of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids into eggs. Poultry Science Suppl.1 68, 166. open url image1

AOAC (1984) ‘Official methods of analysis.’ (Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Washington, DC)

Assaf S, Hazard D, Pitel F, Morisson M, Alizadeh M, Gondret F, Diot C, Vignal A, Douaire M, Lagarrigue S (2003) Cloning of cDNA encoding the nuclear form of chicken sterol response element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), chromosomal localization, and tissue expression of chicken SREBP-1 and -2 genes. Poultry Science 82, 54–61.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Bajpai PK, Bajpai P, Ward OP (1992) Optimisation of culture conditions for production of eicosapentaenoic acid by Mortieralla elongata NRRL 5513. Journal of Industrial Microbiology 9, 11–18.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 37, 911–917.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Castillo M, Amalik F, Linares A, Garcia-Peregrin E (1999) Dietary fish oil reduces cholesterol and arachidonic acid levels in chick plasma and very low density lipoprotein. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 200, 59–67.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Chen F, Vazhappilly R (1998) Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid production potential of microalgae and their heterotrophic growth. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 75, 393–397. open url image1

Chen TF, Hsu JC (2003) Incorporation of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids into duck egg yolks. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 16, 565–569. open url image1

Cheng CH, Shen T, Chen WL, Ding ST (2004) Effect of dietary algal docosahexaenoic acid oil supplementation on fatty acid deposition and gene expression in laying Leghorn hens. Journal of Agricultural Science 142, 683–690.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Chin HJ, Shen TF, Su HP, Ding ST (2006) Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 as a source of docosahexaenoic acid: optimal growth and use as a dietary supplement for laying hens. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, 13–20.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Chomczynski P, Sacchi N (1987) Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Analytical Biochemistry 162, 156–159.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Clarke SD (1993) Regulation of fatty acid synthase gene expression: an approach for reducing fat accumulation. Journal of Animal Science 71, 1957–1965.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Cohen Z (1994) Production potential of eicosapentaenoic acid by Monodus subterraneus. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 71, 941–945.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Cruickshank EM (1934) Studies in fat metabolism in the fowl. 1. The composition of the egg fat and depot fat of the the fowl as affected by the ingestion of large amount of different fats. Biochemistry Journal 28, 965–977. open url image1

Ding ST, McNeel RL, Mersmann HJ (2002) Modulation of adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 by selected polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology–Animal 38, 352–357.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Ding ST, Schinckel AP, Weber TE, Mersmann HJ (2000) Expression of porcine transcription factors and genes related to fatty acid metabolism in different tissues and genetic populations. Journal of Animal Science 78, 2127–2134.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Evans AJ (1972) In vitro lipogenesis in the liver and adipose tissues of the female Aylesbury duck at different ages. British Poultry Science 13, 595–602.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Gondret F, Ferre P, Dugail I (2001) ADD-1/SREBP-1 is a major determinant of tissue differential lipogenic capacity in mammalian and avian species. Journal of Lipid Research 42, 106–113.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Goodridge AG, Ball EG (1967) Lipogenesis in the pigeon: in vivo studies. American Journal of Physiology 213, 245–249.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Hannah VC, Ou J, Luong A, Goldstein JL, Brown MS (2001) Unsaturated fatty acids down-regulate srebp isoforms 1a and 1c by two mechanisms in HEK-293 cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 4365–4372.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Hargis PS, Van Elswyk ME, Hargis BM (1991) Dietary modification of yolk lipid with menhaden oil. Poultry Science 70, 874–883.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Hsu JM, Ding ST (2003) Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the expression of transcription factor adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 and of lipogenic and fatty acid oxidation enzymes in porcine differentiating adipocytes. British Journal of Nutrition 90, 507–513.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Hsu JM, Wang PH, Liu BH, Ding ST (2004) The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on the expression of porcine lipid metabolism related genes. Journal of Animal Science 83, 683–689. open url image1

Huang ZB, Leibovitz H, Lee MC, Millar R (1990) Effect of dietary fish oil on omega-3 fatty acid levels in chicken eggs and thigh flesh. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 38, 743–747.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Innis SM (1992) n-3 fatty acid requirments of the newborn. Lipids 27, 879–885.
| Crossref | PubMed |
open url image1

Katsurada A, Iritani N, Fukuda H, Matsumura Y, Nishimoto N, Noguchi T, Tanaka T (1990) Effects of nutrients and hormones on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in rat liver. European Journal of Biochemistry 190, 435–441.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Kim JB, Sarraf P, Wright M, Yao KM, Mueller E, Solanes G, Lowell BB, Spiegelman BM (1998) Nutritional and insulin regulation of fatty acid synthetase and leptin gene expression through ADD1/SREBP1. Journal of Clinical Investigation 101, 1–9.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Kim JB, Spiegelman BM (1996) ADD1/SREBP1 promotes adipocyte differentiation and gene expression linked to fatty acid metabolism. Genes and Development 10, 1096–1107.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Ko YH, Cheng CH, Shen TF, Ding ST (2004) Cloning and expression of Tsaiya duck liver fatty acid binding protein. Poultry Science 83, 1832–1838.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Leskanich CO, Noble RC (1997) Manipulation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of avian eggs and meat. World’s Poultry Science 53, 155–183.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Leveille GA, O’Hea EK, Chakbabarty K (1968) In vivo lipogenesis in the domestic chicken. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 128, 398–401.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Lewis NM, Seburg S, Flanagan NL (2000) Enriched eggs as a source of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for humans. Poultry Science 79, 971–974.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Li ZY, Ward OP (1994) Production of docosahexaenoic acid by Thraustochytrium roseum. Journal of Industrial Microbiology 13, 238–241.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Liu BH, Kuo CF, Wang YC, Ding ST (2005) Effect of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid on the expression of adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 in differentiating porcine adipocytes. Journal of Animal Science 83, 1516–1525.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Lopez-Ferrer S, Baucells MD, Barroeta AC, Galobart J, Grashorn MA (2001) n-3 enrichment of chicken meat. 2. Use of precursors of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: linseed oil. Poultry Science 80, 753–761.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Manilla HA, Husvéth F, Németh K (1999) Effects of dietary fat origin on the performance of broiler chickens and on the fatty acids composition of selected tissues. Acta Agraria Kaposváriensis 3, 47–57. open url image1

Marshall AC, Kubena KS, Hinton KR, Hargis PS, Van Elswyk ME (1994) n-3 fatty acid enriched table eggs: a survey of consumer acceptability. Poultry Science 73, 1334–1340.
| PubMed |
open url image1

McNeel RL, Mersmann HJ (1999) Distribution and quantification of beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-adrenergic receptor subtype transcripts in porcine tissues. Journal of Animal Science 77, 611–621.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Mossab A, Lessire M, Guillaumin S, Kouba M, Mourot J, Peiniau P, Hermier D (2002) Effect of dietary fats on hepatic lipid metabolism in the growing turkey. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 132, 473–483.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Nakahara T, Yokochi T, Higashihara T, Tanaka S, Yaguchi T, Honda D (1996) Production of docosahexaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids by Schizochytrium sp. isolated from Yap Islands. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 73, 1421–1426.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Nakatani T, Kim HJ, Kaburagi Y, Yasuda K, Ezaki O (2003) A low fish oil inhibits SREBP-1 proteolytic cascade, while a high-fish-oil feeding decreases SREBP-1 mRNA in mice liver: relationship to anti-obesity. Journal of Lipid Research 44, 369–379.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Nash DM, Hamilton RMG, Hulan HW (1995) The effect of dietary herring meal on the omega-3 fatty acid content of plasma and egg yolk lipids of laying hens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, 247–253. open url image1

Navarro JG, Saverder JC, Borie FB, Caiozzi MM (1972) Influence of dietary fish meal on egg fatty acid composition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 23, 1287–1292.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Raclot T, Groscolas R, Langin D, Ferre P (1997) Site-specific regulation of gene expression by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in rat white adipose tissues. Journal of Lipid Research 38, 1963–1972.
| PubMed |
open url image1

SAS Institute (2001) ‘SAS user’s guide: statistics.’ (SAS Institute Inc.: Cary, NC)

Shimano H (2001) Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs): transcriptional regulators of lipid synthetic genes. Progress in Lipid Research 40, 439–452.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Shimomura I, Bashmakov Y, Shimano H, Horton JD, Goldstein JL, Brown MS (1997) Cholesterol feeding reduces nuclear forms of sterol regulatory element binding proteins in hamster liver. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94, 12354–12359.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Simopoulos AP (2000) Human requirement for N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Poultry Science 79, 961–970.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Singh A, Ward OP (1996) Production of high yields of docosahexaenoic acid by Thraustochytrium rosem ATCC 28210. Journal of Industrial Microbiology 16, 370–373.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

de Swaaf ME, De Rijk TC, Eggink G, Sijtsma L (1999) Optimisation of docosahexaenoic acid production in batch cultivations by Crypthecodinium cohnii. Journal of Biotechnology 70, 185–192.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Van Elswyk ME, Hargis BM, Williams JD, Hargis PS (1994) Dietary menhaden oil contributes to hepatic lipidosis in laying hens. Poultry Science 73, 653–662.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Wang J, Robinson JF, Khan HM, Carter DE, McKinney J, Miskie BA, Hegele RA (2004) Optimizing RNA extraction yield from whole blood for microarray gene expression analysis. Clinical Biochemistry 37, 741–744.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Xu J, Nakamura MT, Cho HP, Clarke SD (1999) Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 expression is suppressed by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. A mechanism for the coordinate suppression of lipogenic genes by polyunsaturated fats. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 23577–23583.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Xu J, Teran-Garcia M, Park JH, Nakamura MT, Clarke SD (2001) Polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 expression by accelerating transcript decay. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 9800–9807.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Yeh YY, Leveille GA (1971) Studies on the relationship between lipogenesis and the level of coenzyme A derivatives, lactate and pyruvate in chick liver. Journal of Nutrition 101, 911–918.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Yen CF, Jiang YN, Shen TF, Wong IM, Chen CC, Chen KC, Chang WC, Tsao YK, Ding ST (2005) Cloning and expression of the genes associated with lipid metabolism in Tsaiya ducks. Poultry Science 84, 67–74.
| PubMed |
open url image1

Yokochi T, Honda D, Higashihara T, Nakahara T (1998) Optimization of docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium limacinum SR21. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 49, 72–76.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1